Clin Hypertens.
2018 ;24(1):14. 10.1186/s40885-018-0099-z.
Metabolic syndrome, not menopause, is a risk factor for hypertension in peri-menopausal women
- Affiliations
-
- 1Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
- 2Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Korea.
- 3Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. nicekskang@snu.ac.kr.
- 4Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
- 5Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.
- 6Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
- 7Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
- 8Department of Internal Medicine, Bucheon St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Korea.
- KMID: 2434268
- DOI: http://doi.org/10.1186/s40885-018-0099-z
Abstract
- BACKGROUND
It has been long debated whether menopause itself is a risk factor for hypertension in peri-menopausal women. We aimed to assess the association between menopause and hypertension, and whether metabolic syndrome (MetS) has an influence on its effect.
METHODS
Data for 1502 women aged 42 to 53 from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES) database were retrospectively analyzed. The KoGES database consists of 10,038 participants, of which 52.6% (5275) were female. Subjects were followed up for 4 years, and compared according to menopausal status. Additionally, 1216 non-hypertensive subjects were separately analyzed to assess whether a change in menopausal status was associated with development of hypertension.
RESULTS
The prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, and MetS for menopausal and non-menopausal subjects at baseline was 24.4% vs. 16.7%, 5.8% vs. 2.9%, and 25.4% vs. 16.6%, respectively (p"‰<"‰0.01 for all comparisons). Among non-hypertensive subjects at baseline, prevalence of hypertension at 4-year follow-up was 9.4%, 19.7%, and 13.1% for non-menopausal, those who became menopause during follow-up, and those who were menopause at baseline, respectively. Development of hypertension was positively correlated with MetS (HR 3.90, 95% CI 2.51-6.07) and increased BMI (HR 1.09, 95% CI 1.03-1.16), while association with menopause was not significant.
CONCLUSIONS
Menopause is closely associated with increased incidence of hypertension, but the increase may not be attributable to menopause itself but to increased prevalence of MetS. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1186/s40885-018-0099-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Keyword
- Full Text Links
-
- Actions
-
Cited
- CITED
-
- Close
- Share
-
- Similar articles
-
- Menopausal Knowledge and Management in Peri-menopausal Women
- Differences of Prevalence and Components of Metabolic Syndrome according to Menopausal Status
- A critic review on the 'medical knowledge of menopausal syndrome'
- The Effect of a Dietary Companion on Metabolic Syndrome in Adult Women
- Menopause Knowledge, Attitude, Symptom and Management among Midlife Employed Women
