Intest Res.  2018 Oct;16(4):529-536. 10.5217/ir.2018.00050.

Development and diversity of lactic acid producing bacteria and bifidobacteria in healthy full term Indian infants from Himachal Pradesh

Affiliations
  • 1Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, India.

Abstract

BACKGROUND/AIMS
The initial microbial colonization is a crucial step for the healthy development of an infant. Previous studies from India reported the dominance of target microbial species among Indian infants without any analysis on the diversity of target groups. This is the first study from India with an objective to investigate the establishment and diversity of lactic acid producing bacteria (LAB) and bifidobacteria in vaginally delivered, full term, breastfed infants for the first 4 months after birth.
METHODS
Present study used polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) based sequence analysis of LAB and bifidobacteria in healthy infants. The results were used to compare the development and early colonization by LAB and bifidobacteria using diversity indices during the initial months of development of gut microbiota in infants.
RESULTS
During the first 4 months, the Shannon diversity index (H) of LAB increased from 1.16 to 1.318 and for bifidobacteria the H increased from 0.975 to 1.293 (P < 0.05). Higher Sorenson's pair wise similarity coefficient was observed for LAB and bifidobacteria during 2nd and the 3rd month. The species of the genera Enterococcus, Streptococcus, and Lactobacillus were dominant among the LAB group whereas Bifidobacterium breve was dominant species among Bifidobacterium group.
CONCLUSIONS
Our results indicate that in breast fed infants, the microbial diversity of LAB and bifidobacteria increased during the period of study.

Keyword

Infant; Gut microbiota; PCR-DGGE; Biodiversity

MeSH Terms

Bacteria*
Bifidobacterium
Biodiversity
Breast
Colon
Electrophoresis
Enterococcus
Gastrointestinal Microbiome
Humans
India
Infant*
Lactic Acid*
Lactobacillus
Parturition
Sequence Analysis
Streptococcus
Lactic Acid

Figure

  • Fig. 1. (A) Dendrogram of the denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis profiles of lactic acid producing bacteria (LAB) generated on the base of unweighted pair-group method average using Quantity one software. (B) Venn diagram representation of similarity between LAB during different months. The number indicates the similar LAB species in different months, the number in parenthesis indicate the percentage of similar species in total LAB population.

  • Fig. 2. (A) Dendrogram of the denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis profiles of Bifidobacterium sp. generated on the base of unweighted pair-group method average using Quantity one software. (B) Venn diagram representation of similarity between Bifidobacterium sp. during different months. The number indicates the similar bifidobacterial species in different months, the number in parenthesis indicate the percentage of similar species in total bifidobacterial population.


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