Endocrinol Metab.  2018 Dec;33(4):429-434. 10.3803/EnM.2018.33.4.429.

Primary Aldosteronism and Cerebrovascular Diseases

Affiliations
  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan. austinr34@gmail.com
  • 2Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Yun-Lin Branch, Yun-Lin, Taiwan.

Abstract

As diagnostic techniques have advanced, primary aldosteronism (PA) has emerged as the most common cause of secondary hypertension. The excess of aldosterone caused by PA resulted in not only cardiovascular complications, including coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, arrhythmia, and heart failure, but also cerebrovascular complications, such as stroke and transient ischemic attack. Moreover, PA is associated more closely with these conditions than is essential hypertension. In this review, we present up-to-date findings on the association between PA and cerebrovascular diseases.

Keyword

Primary aldosteronism; Cerebrovascular disorders; Stroke

MeSH Terms

Aldosterone
Arrhythmias, Cardiac
Cerebrovascular Disorders*
Coronary Artery Disease
Heart Failure
Hyperaldosteronism*
Hypertension
Ischemic Attack, Transient
Myocardial Infarction
Stroke
Aldosterone

Cited by  2 articles

Contralateral Suppression at Adrenal Venous Sampling Is Associated with Renal Impairment Following Adrenalectomy for Unilateral Primary Aldosteronism
Ye Seul Yang, Seung Hun Lee, Jung Hee Kim, Jee Hee Yoo, Jung Hyun Lee, Seo Young Lee, A Ram Hong, Dong-Hwa Lee, Jung-Min Koh, Jae Hyeon Kim, Sang Wan Kim
Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(4):875-884.    doi: 10.3803/EnM.2021.1047.

Aldosterone Inhibits In Vitro Myogenesis by Increasing Intracellular Oxidative Stress via Mineralocorticoid Receptor
Jin Young Lee, Da Ae Kim, Eunah Choi, Yun Sun Lee, So Jeong Park, Beom-Jun Kim
Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(4):865-874.    doi: 10.3803/EnM.2021.1108.


Reference

1. Gyamlani G, Headley CM, Naseer A, Valaulikar GS, Geraci SA. Primary aldosteronism: diagnosis and management. Am J Med Sci. 2016; 352:391–398.
Article
2. Rossi GP. Prevalence and diagnosis of primary aldosteronism. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2010; 12:342–348.
Article
3. Vilela LAP, Almeida MQ. Diagnosis and management of primary aldosteronism. Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2017; 61:305–312.
Article
4. Ohno Y, Sone M, Inagaki N, Yamasaki T, Ogawa O, Takeda Y, et al. Prevalence of cardiovascular disease and its risk factors in primary aldosteronism: a multicenter Study in Japan. Hypertension. 2018; 71:530–537.
5. Feigin VL, Norrving B, Mensah GA. Global burden of stroke. Circ Res. 2017; 120:439–448.
Article
6. Renna NF, de Las Heras N, Miatello RM. Pathophysiology of vascular remodeling in hypertension. Int J Hypertens. 2013; 2013:808353.
Article
7. Calo LA, Armanini D. Aldosterone-mediated endothelial remodeling and oxidative stress. Kidney Int. 2005; 68:1899.
Article
8. Mattsson C, Young WF Jr. Primary aldosteronism: diagnostic and treatment strategies. Nat Clin Pract Nephrol. 2006; 2:198–208.
Article
9. Feigin VL, Lawes CM, Bennett DA, Anderson CS. Stroke epidemiology: a review of population-based studies of incidence, prevalence, and case-fatality in the late 20th century. Lancet Neurol. 2003; 2:43–53.
Article
10. Nakano S, Kobayashi N, Yoshida K, Ohno T, Matsuoka H. Cardioprotective mechanisms of spironolactone associated with the angiotensin-converting enzyme/epidermal growth factor receptor/extracellular signal-regulated kinases, NAD(P)H oxidase/lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1, and Rho-kinase pathways in aldosterone/salt-induced hypertensive rats. Hypertens Res. 2005; 28:925–936.
Article
11. Rocha R, Martin-Berger CL, Yang P, Scherrer R, Delyani J, McMahon E. Selective aldosterone blockade prevents angiotensin II/salt-induced vascular inflammation in the rat heart. Endocrinology. 2002; 143:4828–4836.
Article
12. Briet M, Schiffrin EL. Vascular actions of aldosterone. J Vasc Res. 2013; 50:89–99.
Article
13. Mazak I, Fiebeler A, Muller DN, Park JK, Shagdarsuren E, Lindschau C, et al. Aldosterone potentiates angiotensin II-induced signaling in vascular smooth muscle cells. Circulation. 2004; 109:2792–2800.
Article
14. Kasal DA, Barhoumi T, Li MW, Yamamoto N, Zdanovich E, Rehman A, et al. T regulatory lymphocytes prevent aldosterone-induced vascular injury. Hypertension. 2012; 59:324–330.
Article
15. Bernini G, Galetta F, Franzoni F, Bardini M, Taurino C, Bernardini M, et al. Arterial stiffness, intima-media thickness and carotid artery fibrosis in patients with primary aldosteronism. J Hypertens. 2008; 26:2399–2405.
Article
16. Strauch B, Petrak O, Wichterle D, Zelinka T, Holaj R, Widimsky J Jr. Increased arterial wall stiffness in primary aldosteronism in comparison with essential hypertension. Am J Hypertens. 2006; 19:909–914.
Article
17. Strauch B, Petrak O, Zelinka T, Wichterle D, Holaj R, Kasalicky M, et al. Adrenalectomy improves arterial stiffness in primary aldosteronism. Am J Hypertens. 2008; 21:1086–1092.
Article
18. Brown NJ. Eplerenone: cardiovascular protection. Circulation. 2003; 107:2512–2518.
19. Benetos A, Lacolley P, Safar ME. Prevention of aortic fibrosis by spironolactone in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1997; 17:1152–1156.
Article
20. Blacher J, Asmar R, Djane S, London GM, Safar ME. Aortic pulse wave velocity as a marker of cardiovascular risk in hypertensive patients. Hypertension. 1999; 33:1111–1117.
Article
21. Mattace-Raso FU, van der Cammen TJ, Hofman A, van Popele NM, Bos ML, Schalekamp MA, et al. Arterial stiffness and risk of coronary heart disease and stroke: the Rotterdam Study. Circulation. 2006; 113:657–663.
22. Touboul PJ, Labreuche J, Vicaut E, Amarenco P. GENIC Investigators. Carotid intima-media thickness, plaques, and Framingham risk score as independent determinants of stroke risk. Stroke. 2005; 36:1741–1745.
Article
23. Harris S. The association of carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) and stroke: a cross sectional study. Perspect Med. 2012; 1:164–166.
Article
24. Lin YH, Lin LY, Chen A, Wu XM, Lee JK, Su TC, et al. Adrenalectomy improves increased carotid intima-media thickness and arterial stiffness in patients with aldosterone producing adenoma. Atherosclerosis. 2012; 221:154–159.
Article
25. Wolf PA, Abbott RD, Kannel WB. Atrial fibrillation as an independent risk factor for stroke: the Framingham Study. Stroke. 1991; 22:983–988.
Article
26. Bjorck S, Palaszewski B, Friberg L, Bergfeldt L. Atrial fibrillation, stroke risk, and warfarin therapy revisited: a population-based study. Stroke. 2013; 44:3103–3108.
27. Porodko M, Auer J, Eber B. Conn's syndrome and atrial fibrillation. Lancet. 2001; 357:1293–1294.
Article
28. Al-Aloul B, Li JM, Benditt D, Tholakanahalli V. Atrial fibrillation associated with hypokalemia due to primary hyperaldosteronism (Conn's syndrome). Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2006; 29:1303–1305.
29. Watson T, Karthikeyan VJ, Lip GY, Beevers DG. Atrial fibrillation in primary aldosteronism. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst. 2009; 10:190–194.
Article
30. Milliez P, Girerd X, Plouin PF, Blacher J, Safar ME, Mourad JJ. Evidence for an increased rate of cardiovascular events in patients with primary aldosteronism. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005; 45:1243–1248.
Article
31. Monticone S, Burrello J, Tizzani D, Bertello C, Viola A, Buffolo F, et al. Prevalence and clinical manifestations of primary aldosteronism encountered in primary care practice. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017; 69:1811–1820.
32. Rossi GP, Cesari M, Cuspidi C, Maiolino G, Cicala MV, Bisogni V, et al. Long-term control of arterial hypertension and regression of left ventricular hypertrophy with treatment of primary aldosteronism. Hypertension. 2013; 62:62–69.
Article
33. Catena C, Colussi G, Nadalini E, Chiuch A, Baroselli S, Lapenna R, et al. Cardiovascular outcomes in patients with primary aldosteronism after treatment. Arch Intern Med. 2008; 168:80–85.
Article
34. Mulatero P, Monticone S, Bertello C, Viola A, Tizzani D, Iannaccone A, et al. Long-term cardio- and cerebrovascular events in patients with primary aldosteronism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2013; 98:4826–4833.
Article
35. Savard S, Amar L, Plouin PF, Steichen O. Cardiovascular complications associated with primary aldosteronism: a controlled cross-sectional study. Hypertension. 2013; 62:331–336.
36. Monticone S, D'Ascenzo F, Moretti C, Williams TA, Veglio F, Gaita F, et al. Cardiovascular events and target organ damage in primary aldosteronism compared with essential hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2018; 6:41–50.
Article
37. Rocha R, Stier CT Jr. Pathophysiological effects of aldosterone in cardiovascular tissues. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2001; 12:308–314.
Article
38. Murata M, Kitamura T, Tamada D, Mukai K, Kurebayashi S, Yamamoto T, et al. Plasma aldosterone level within the normal range is less associated with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular risk in primary aldosteronism. J Hypertens. 2017; 35:1079–1085.
Article
39. Hayashi R, Tamada D, Murata M, Mukai K, Kitamura T, Otsuki M, et al. saline infusion test highly associated with the incidence of cardio- and cerebrovascular events in primary aldosteronism. Endocr J. 2017; 64:507–513.
Article
40. Kao CC, Wu CH, Lin YH, Chang CC, Chen HH, Wu MS, et al. Risk of ischemic stroke in primary aldosteronism patients. Clin Chim Acta. 2015; 438:86–89.
Article
41. Rossi GP, Maiolino G, Flego A, Belfiore A, Bernini G, Fabris B, et al. Adrenalectomy lowers incident atrial fibrillation in primary aldosteronism patients at long term. Hypertension. 2018; 71:585–591.
Article
42. Hundemer GL, Curhan GC, Yozamp N, Wang M, Vaidya A. Incidence of atrial fibrillation and mineralocorticoid receptor activity in patients with medically and surgically treated primary aldosteronism. JAMA Cardiol. 2018; 3:768–774.
Article
43. Liao CW, Lin LY, Hung CS, Lin YT, Chang YY, Wang SM, et al. Time course and factors predicting arterial stiffness reversal in patients with aldosterone-producing adenoma after adrenalectomy: prospective study of 102 patients. Sci Rep. 2016; 6:20862.
Article
44. Hundemer GL, Curhan GC, Yozamp N, Wang M, Vaidya A. Cardiometabolic outcomes and mortality in medically treated primary aldosteronism: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2018; 6:51–59.
Article
45. Satoh M, Kikuya M, Ohkubo T, Mori T, Metoki H, Hara A, et al. Aldosterone-to-renin ratio as a predictor of stroke under conditions of high sodium intake: the Ohasama study. Am J Hypertens. 2012; 25:777–783.
Article
46. Litchfield WR, Anderson BF, Weiss RJ, Lifton RP, Dluhy RG. Intracranial aneurysm and hemorrhagic stroke in glucocorticoid-remediable aldosteronism. Hypertension. 1998; 31(1 Pt 2):445–450.
Article
47. Miyaji Y, Kawabata Y, Joki H, Seki S, Mori K, Kamide T, et al. Primary aldosteronism in patients with acute stroke: prevalence and diagnosis during initial hospitalization. BMC Neurol. 2016; 16:177.
Article
Full Text Links
  • ENM
Actions
Cited
CITED
export Copy
Close
Share
  • Twitter
  • Facebook
Similar articles
Copyright © 2024 by Korean Association of Medical Journal Editors. All rights reserved.     E-mail: koreamed@kamje.or.kr