J Korean Med Sci.
2018 Oct;33(44):e278. 10.3346/jkms.2018.33.e278.
Association of Blood Pressure with Blood Lead and Cadmium Levels in Korean Adolescents: Analysis of Data from the 2010–2016 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
- Affiliations
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- 1Department of Medical IT Engineering, Soonchunhyang University, College of Medical Sciences, Asan, Korea.
- 2Institute of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Korea.
- 3Department of Preventive Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, Korea.
- 4Department of Occupational Health, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan, Korea.
- 5Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea. yanghokm@ulsan.ac.kr
- KMID: 2423023
- DOI: http://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2018.33.e278
Abstract
- BACKGROUND
We evaluated the association of blood pressure (BP) with blood levels of cadmium, lead, and cadmium and lead together (cadmium + lead) in a representative sample of adolescents from Korea.
METHODS
We used 2010-2016 data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. This cross-sectional study enrolled adolescents aged at 10-18 years-old who completed a health examination survey and had blood measurements of lead and cadmium. The association of adjusted mean differences in diastolic and systolic BP with doubling of blood lead and cadmium were estimated by regression of BP against log2-transformed blood metals and their quartiles after covariate adjustment. Adjusted odds ratio for prehypertension were calculated for log2-transformed blood levels of lead and cadmium and their quartiles.
RESULTS
Our analysis of adolescents in Korea indicated that blood levels of lead and cadmium were not significantly associated with increased BP or risk of prehypertension. However, the cadmium + lead level was associated with prehypertension. Previous studies showed that blood levels of lead and cadmium were associated with increased BP and risk of hypertension in adult populations. We found no such association in Korean adolescents.
CONCLUSION
We found that the cadmium + lead level was associated with prehypertension. The differences between adults and adolescents are because adolescents generally have lower levels of these blood metals or because adolescents only rarely have hypertension.
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