Yonsei Med J.  2017 May;58(3):598-603. 10.3349/ymj.2017.58.3.598.

Soluble CD93 in Serum as a Marker of Allergic Inflammation

• Park HJ
• Han H
• Lee SC
• Son YW
• Sim DW
• Park KH
• Park YH
• Jeong KY
• Park JW
• Lee JH

• KMID: 2419118
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.3349/ymj.2017.58.3.598

Abstract

PURPOSE
CD93 is receiving renewed attention as a biomarker of inflammation. We aimed to evaluate the potential for serum sCD93 to serve as a novel biomarker for allergic inflammation.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We enrolled 348 subjects with an allergic disease [allergic rhinitis (AR), chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU), or bronchial asthma (BA)], including 14 steroid-naïve BA patients who were serially followed-up.
RESULTS
The serum sCD93 levels (ng/mL) in patients with exacerbated AR (mean±standard deviation, 153.1±58.4) were significantly higher than in patients without AR (132.2±49.0) or with stable AR (122.3±42.1). Serum sCD93 levels in exacerbated CSU (169.5±42.8) were also significantly higher than those in non-CSU (132.4±51.6) and stable CSU (122.8±36.2). This trend was also seen in BA. Serum levels in patients with ICS-naïve BA (161.4±53.1) were significantly higher than those in healthy controls without BA (112.2±30.8), low- and medium-dose ICS users. Serum sCD93 levels in high-dose ICS users (72.2±20.6) were significantly lower than those in low- and medium-dose users. The serum sCD93 levels in steroid-naïve patients with BA (195.1±72.7) decreased after ICS use for 4 weeks (134.4±42.8) and 8 weeks (100.7±13.4), serially.
CONCLUSION
Elevated serum sCD93 levels reflected exacerbated status of allergic diseases, including CSU, AR, and asthma. ICS use significantly diminished serum sCD93 levels in steroid-naïve patients with BA. This result may suggest sCD93 in serum as a therapeutic marker for allergic inflammation.

Keyword

Allergy; asthma; biomarker; inhaled corticosteroid; soluble CD93

MeSH Terms

Adult
Asthma/*blood/diagnosis/immunology
Biomarkers/blood
Case-Control Studies
Chronic Disease
Cross-Sectional Studies
Female
Humans
Inflammation/blood/diagnosis
Membrane Glycoproteins/*blood/metabolism
Middle Aged
Receptors, Complement/*blood/metabolism
Rhinitis, Allergic/*blood/immunology
Urticaria/*blood/diagnosis/immunology
Young Adult
Biomarkers
Membrane Glycoproteins
Receptors, Complement

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 Flow diagram of study subjects.

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  Fig. 2 Changes in serum sCD93 levels in patients with AR (A), CSU (B), and BA (C) and disease exacerbation. The data are shown as the mean±standard error of the mean in the graph. *p<0.05. AR, allergic rhinitis; sAR, stable AR; eAR, exacerbated AR; CSU, chronic idiopathic urticaria; sCSU, stable CSU; eCSU, exacerbated CSU; BA, bronchial asthma; sBA, stable BA; eBA, exacerbated BA; sCD93, soluble CD93.

• 

  Fig. 3 Serum sCD93 levels according to ICS dose. The data are shown as the mean±standard error of the mean in the graph. *p<0.05 compared to the other groups. ICS, inhaled corticosteroids; BA, bronchial asthma; Control, healthy control without BA; None, non-ICS-users with BA; Low, low-dose ICS users; Med, medium-dose ICS users; High, high-dose ICS users; sCD93, soluble CD93.

• 

  Fig. 4 Serial serum sCD93 levels during treatment with ICS in steroid-naïve patients with BA. *p<0.05 between groups. ICS, inhaled corticosteroids; BA, bronchial asthma; sCD93, soluble CD93.

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