Nutr Res Pract.  2017 Apr;11(2):155-162. 10.4162/nrp.2017.11.2.155.

Energy intake from commercially-prepared meals by food source in Korean adults: Analysis of the 2001 and 2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys

• Choi I
• Kim WG
• Yoon J

• KMID: 2412028
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4162/nrp.2017.11.2.155

Abstract

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES
The commercial foodservice industry in Korea has shown rapid growth recently. This study examined Korean adults' consumption of commercially-prepared meals based on where the food was prepared.
SUBJECTS/METHODS
Data from a 24-hour dietary recall of the 2001 and 2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys were analyzed. A total of 10,539 subjects (n = 6,152 in 2001; n = 4,387 in 2011) aged 19-64 years were included for analysis. Commercially-prepared meals were classified into four food source groups based on where the food was prepared: Korean restaurants, Chinese/Western/Japanese restaurants, fast-food restaurants, and retail stores. Subjects' energy intake, including the amount and proportion of calories, was examined for each food source. The analysis was also conducted by gender for age-stratified groups: 19-29, 30-49, and 50-64 years old.
RESULTS
Korean adults' energy intake from commercially-prepared meals increased in the amount of calories (551 kcal to 635 kcal, P < 0.01), but not in the proportion of daily calories (27% to 28%) from 2001 to 2011. The most frequent food source of commercially-prepared meals was Korean restaurants in both years. The amount and proportion of calories from retail stores increased from 83 kcal to 143 kcal (P < 0.001) and from 4% to 7% (P < 0.001), respectively, during the same period. Males aged 30-49 years (34%) and females aged 19-29 years (35%) consumed the highest proportion of daily calories from commercially-prepared meals in 2011.
CONCLUSIONS
Korean adults consumed about one-fourth of their energy intake from commercially-prepared meals. In particular, males aged 30-49 years and females aged 19-29 years consumed more than one-third of their energy intake from commercially-prepared meals. Korean restaurants played a significant role in Korean adults' energy intake. Retail stores increased influence on Korean adults' energy intake. These results could be useful for developing health promotion policies and programs.

Keyword

Food services; restaurants; convenience foods; caloric intake; nutrition surveys

MeSH Terms

Adult*
Energy Intake*
Fast Foods
Female
Food Services
Health Promotion
Humans
Korea*
Male
Meals*
Nutrition Surveys
Restaurants

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 Percentages of Korean adults who consumed commercially-prepared meals at least once per day by sociodemographic characteristics in 2001 and 2011. Data were analyzed using the complex samples module. Significant change between 2001 and 2011 at * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, or *** P < 0.001, by chi-square test

• 

  Fig. 2 Calorie share by food source among Korean adults in 2001 and 2011. The number above each bar is the calorie share of commercially-prepared meals. Each calorie share was obtained by dividing the energy intake from the respective food source by daily total energy intake. Total percentages may not be equal to 100% due to rounding. Data were analyzed using the complex samples module. Significant change between 2001 and 2011 at ** P < 0.01 or *** P < 0.001, by ANCOVA with gender, age, residential area, household income, education, employment status, and marital status as covariates

• 

  Fig. 3 Calorie amount from commercially-prepared meals by food source among Korean adults in 2001 and 2011. The number at the top of each bar is the total calorie amount from commercially-prepared meals. Data were analyzed using the complex samples module. 1) Significant change between 2001 and 2011 at ** P < 0.01 or *** P < 0.001, by ANCOVA with gender, age, residential area, household income, education, employment status, and marital status as covariates, 2) Significant change between 2001 and 2011 at * P < 0.05 or *** P < 0.001, by ANCOVA with age, residential area, household income, education, employment status, and marital status as covariates

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