J Cardiovasc Ultrasound.  2017 Dec;25(4):124-130. 10.4250/jcu.2017.25.4.124.

Clinical Utility of Echocardiography for Early and Late Pulmonary Hypertension in Preterm Infants: Relation with Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

Affiliations
  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea. joung756@dsmc.or.kr

Abstract

BACKGROUND
We evaluated early and late pulmonary hypertension (PH) in preterm infants and its relation with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).
METHODS
Sixty-seven preterm infants < 30 weeks' gestation underwent echocardiography within 14 days after birth for early PH and over 28 days after birth for late PH. We measured tricuspid regurgitation (TR) peak velocity, pulse Doppler-derived myocardial performance index (MPI) of right ventricle (RV) (RV MPI), eccentricity index (EI), and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE).
RESULTS
The median gestation age of patients was 27 weeks (range, 23-30 weeks) and median birth weight was 1030 g (range, 450-1780 g). TR peak velocity was measured only in 19 patients (28.4%). Patients with symptomatic early PH (n = 11) showed a significantly lower systolic EI and a significantly higher incidence of RV MPI > 0.38 and TAPSE < 0.5 cm than patients without PH. The incidence of symptomatic early PH was highest in severe BPD, although this was not statistically significant. Early echocardiographic parameters are not associated with BPD development. Patients with severe BPD showed a significantly higher RV MPI and a significantly higher incidence of RV MPI > 0.38 than patients with mild BPD, and a significantly lower systolic EI and a significantly higher incidence of systolic EI < 0.81 than patients without BPD.
CONCLUSION
Systolic EI, RV MPI, and TAPSE were well represented symptomatic early PH, while systolic EI and RV MPI could be useful parameters for identifying late PH in preterm infants with BPD, even if they did not present PH symptoms.

Keyword

Pulmonary hypertension; Bronchopulmonary dysplasia; Premature birth; Echocardiography

MeSH Terms

Birth Weight
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia*
Echocardiography*
Heart Ventricles
Humans
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
Hypertension, Pulmonary*
Incidence
Infant, Newborn
Infant, Premature*
Parturition
Pregnancy
Premature Birth
Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency

Figure

  • Fig. 1 Incidence of early PH and BPD severity. The incidence of symptomatic early PH was highest in severe BPD. BPD: bronchopulmonary dysplasia, PH: pulmonary hypertension.

  • Fig. 2 The serial changes of systolic EI in patients without BPD or with mild, moderate, and severe BPD. Values represent as mean with standard deviation. EI: eccentricity index, BPD: bronchopulmonary dysplasia.


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