J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg.  2017 Aug;43(4):221-228. 10.5125/jkaoms.2017.43.4.221.

Maximal strength and endurance scores of the tongue, lip, and cheek in healthy, normal Koreans

• Jeong DM
• Shin YJ
• Lee NR
• Lim HK
• Choung HW
• Pang KM
• Kim BJ
• Kim SM
• Lee JH

• KMID: 2391352
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.5125/jkaoms.2017.43.4.221

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study was to establish normative data for healthy Korean adults by measuring the maximal strength and endurance scores of the tongue, lip, and cheek, and to examine correlations between these measurements.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This study included 120 subjects that were divided into three groups according to age: young (20-39 years), middle-aged (40-59 years), and older (over 60 years); and by gender. Measurements were taken using the Iowa Oral Performance Instrument (IOPI).
RESULTS
The mean maximal tongue strengths were as follows: young men (46.7±10.2 kPa) and women (32.1±7.9 kPa), middle-aged men (40.9±9.3 kPa) and women (36.9±8.6 kPa), and older men (35.2±9.0 kPa) and women (34.5±6.9 kPa). The mean tongue endurance scores were: young men (28.8±12.6 seconds) and women (20.8±13.5 seconds), middle-aged men (17.0±8.5 seconds) and women (15.3±5.2 seconds), and older men (15.8±6.7 seconds) and women (17.9±8.1 seconds). The mean maximal lip strengths were: young men (11.6±3.0 kPa) and women (11.4±3.8 kPa), middle-aged men (11.4±4.2 kPa) and women (11.1±5.1 kPa), and older men (14.5±3.9 kPa) and women (11.7±2.6 kPa). The mean lip endurance scores were: young men (41.1±23.9 seconds) and women (22.4±21.7 seconds), middle-aged men (24.3±10.3 seconds) and women (30.5±13.4 seconds), and older men (24.9±11.0 seconds) and women (12.8±7.6 seconds). The mean maximal cheek strengths were: young men (24.5±4.6 kPa) and women (20.5±4.3 kPa), middle-aged men (25.2±6.4 kPa) and women (21.2±5.5 kPa), and older men (22.4±5.3 kPa) and women (18.0±4.8 kPa). The mean cheek endurance scores were: young men (47.8±24.4 seconds) and women (43.9±25.0 seconds), middle-aged men (27.3±11.3 seconds) and women (20.0±14.6 seconds), and older men (21.7±14.5 seconds) and women (17.2±11.4 seconds).
CONCLUSION
The data collected in this study will provide an important database of standardized measurements for maximal strength and endurance scores of the tongue, lip and cheek in healthy, normal Koreans.

Keyword

Iowa Oral Performance Instrument (IOPI); Tongue; Lip; Cheek; Korean

MeSH Terms

Adult
Cheek*
Female
Humans
Iowa
Lip*
Male
Tongue*

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 The Iowa Oral Performance Instrument (IOPI) is used to measure the pressure of the anatomical structures in the oral cavity. B. The position of the tongue bulb placed on the maxillary anterior hard palate area when measuring the maximal tongue strength and endurance score. C. The tongue bulb is placed in between two tongue depressors, the lips must be pursed forward with maximum force when measuring the maximal lip strength and endurance score.

• 

  Fig. 2 Correlation between age, maximal strength and endurance of tongue, lip and cheek.

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