J Periodontal Implant Sci.  2016 Jun;46(3):197-206. 10.5051/jpis.2016.46.3.197.

Alterations of papilla dimensions after orthodontic closure of the maxillary midline diastema: a retrospective longitudinal study

• Jeong JS
• Lee SY
• Chang M

• KMID: 2382983
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.5051/jpis.2016.46.3.197

Abstract

PURPOSE
The aim of this study was to evaluate alterations of papilla dimensions after orthodontic closure of the diastema between maxillary central incisors.
METHODS
Sixty patients who had a visible diastema between maxillary central incisors that had been closed by orthodontic approximation were selected for this study. Various papilla dimensions were assessed on clinical photographs and study models before the orthodontic treatment and at the follow-up examination after closure of the diastema. Influences of the variables assessed before orthodontic treatment on the alterations of papilla height (PH) and papilla base thickness (PBT) were evaluated by univariate regression analysis. To analyze potential influences of the 3-dimensional papilla dimensions before orthodontic treatment on the alterations of PH and PBT, a multiple regression model was formulated including the 3-dimensional papilla dimensions as predictor variables.
RESULTS
On average, PH decreased by 0.80 mm and PBT increased after orthodontic closure of the diastema (P<0.01). Univariate regression analysis revealed that the PH (P=0.002) and PBT (P=0.047) before orthodontic treatment influenced the alteration of PH. With respect to the alteration of PBT, the diastema width (P=0.045) and PBT (P=0.000) were found to be influential factors. PBT before the orthodontic treatment significantly influenced the alteration of PBT in the multiple regression model.
CONCLUSIONS
PH decreased but PBT increased after orthodontic closure of the diastema. The papilla dimensions before orthodontic treatment influenced the alterations of PH and PBT after closure of the diastema. The PBT increased more when the diastema width before the orthodontic treatment was larger.

Keyword

Esthetics, dental; Gingiva; Orthodontic space closure

MeSH Terms

Diastema*
Esthetics, Dental
Follow-Up Studies
Gingiva
Humans
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
Incisor
Longitudinal Studies*
Orthodontic Space Closure
Retrospective Studies*

Figure

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  Figure 1 Clinical photographs of a 13-year-old female patient. (A) Before orthodontic closure of the diastema between maxillary central incisors; (B) At the follow-up examination after closure of the diastema.

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  Figure 2 Photographic (A) and study model assessments (B and C). CCH, clinical crown height; PH, papilla height; REF, reference line; PBW, papilla base width; CCW, clinical crown width; DW, diastema width; PBT, papilla base thickness.

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  Figure 3 Relationships between the papilla dimensions assessed before orthodontic treatment and the alterations of papilla height and papilla base thickness after orthodontic closure of the diastema. (A) Papilla height versus papilla height alteration; (B) Papilla base thickness versus papilla height alteration; (C) Diastema width versus papilla base thickness alteration; (D) Papilla base thickness versus papilla base thickness alteration. PH, papilla height; PBT, papilla base thickness; DW, diastema width.

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