J Periodontal Implant Sci.  2016 Jun;46(3):136-151. 10.5051/jpis.2016.46.3.136.

Peri-implant disease: what we know and what we need to know

• Valente NA
• Andreana S

• KMID: 2382979
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.5051/jpis.2016.46.3.136

Abstract

Peri-implant disease is a serious problem that plagues today's dentistry, both in terms of therapy and epidemiology. With the expansion of the practice of implantology and an increasing number of implants placed annually, the frequency of peri-implant disease has greatly expanded. Its clinical manifestations, in the absence of a globally established classification, are peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis, the counterparts of gingivitis and periodontitis, respectively. However, many doubts remain about its features. Official diagnostic criteria, globally recognized by the dental community, have not yet been introduced. The latest studies using metagenomic methods are casting doubt on the assumption of microbial equivalence between periodontal and peri-implant crevices. Research on most of the features of peri-implant disease remains at an early stage; moreover, there is not a commonly accepted treatment for it. In any case, although the evidence so far collected is limited, we need to be aware of the current state of the science regarding this topic to better understand and ultimately prevent this disease.

Keyword

Dental implants; Diagnosis; Microbiota; Peri-implantitis; Periodontitis

MeSH Terms

Classification
Dental Implants
Dentistry
Diagnosis
Epidemiology
Gingivitis
Metagenomics
Microbiota
Mucositis
Peri-Implantitis
Periodontitis
Dental Implants

Figure

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  Figure 1 Class I-c peri-implant defect.

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  Figure 2 Class I-e peri-implant defect.

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  Figure 3 Class II peri-implant defect.

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  Figure 4 Implant removed for advanced peri-implantitis with a clear cement remnant visible on the prosthetic crown.

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