Korean J Intern Med.  2015 Sep;30(5):694-704. 10.3904/kjim.2015.30.5.694.

Clinical significance of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant enterococci colonization in liver transplant recipients

• Kim YJ
• Kim SI
• Choi JY
• Yoon SK
• You YK
• Kim DG

• KMID: 2381568
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.3904/kjim.2015.30.5.694

Abstract

BACKGROUND/AIMS
Liver transplant patients are at high risk for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) colonization. We evaluated patients before and after liver transplant using active surveillance culture (ASC) to assess the prevalence of MRSA and VRE and to determine the effect of bacterial colonization on patient outcome.
METHODS
We performed ASC on 162 liver transplant recipients at the time of transplantation and 7 days posttransplantation to monitor the prevalence of MRSA and VRE.
RESULTS
A total of 142 patients had both nasal and rectal ASCs. Of these patients, MRSA was isolated from 12 (7.4%) at the time of transplantation (group 1a), 9 (6.9%) acquired MRSA posttransplantation (group 2a), and 121 did not test positive for MRSA at either time (group 3a). Among the three groups, group 1a patients had the highest frequency of developing a MRSA infection (p < 0.01); however, group 2a patients had the highest mortality rate associated with MRSA infection (p = 0.05). Of the 142 patients, VRE colonization was detected in 37 patients (22.8%) at the time of transplantation (group 1b), 21 patients (20%) acquired VRE posttransplantation (group 2b), and 84 patients did not test positive for VRE at either time (group 3b). Among these three groups, group 2b patients had the highest frequency of VRE infections (p < 0.01) and mortality (p = 0.04).
CONCLUSIONS
Patients that acquired VRE or MRSA posttransplantation had higher mortality rates than did those who were colonized pre-transplantation or those who never acquired the pathogens. Our findings highlight the importance of preventing the acquisition of MRSA and VRE posttransplantation to reduce infections and mortality among liver transplant recipients.

Keyword

Liver transplantation; Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Vancomycin-resistant enterococci

MeSH Terms

Adult
Enterococcus/*isolation & purification
Female
Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/diagnosis/*microbiology/mortality/transmission
Humans
Liver Transplantation/*adverse effects/mortality
Male
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/*isolation & purification
Middle Aged
Prevalence
Prospective Studies
Republic of Korea/epidemiology
Risk Factors
Staphylococcal Infections/diagnosis/*microbiology/mortality/transmission
Time Factors
Treatment Outcome
*Vancomycin Resistance