Ann Lab Med.  2017 Jul;37(4):305-312. 10.3343/alm.2017.37.4.305.

Evaluation of Six Phenotypic Methods for the Detection of Carbapenemases in Gram-Negative Bacteria With Characterized Resistance Mechanisms

• Sun K
• Xu X
• Yan J
• Zhang L

• KMID: 2376786
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.3343/alm.2017.37.4.305

Abstract

BACKGROUND
We compared the performance of the modified Hodge test (MHT), Triton Hodge test (THT), Carba NP test (CNPt), simplified Carba NP test (CNPt-direct), blue-Carba NP test (BCT), and carbapenem inactivation method (CIM) for rapid and accurate carbapenemase detection.
METHODS
The methods were evaluated by using 256 gram-negative isolates, including 197 Enterobacteriaceae (79 Enterobacter spp., 74 Klebsiella spp., 33 Escherichia coli, 10 Citrobacter spp., and 1 Serratia marcescens), 51 Acinetobacter baumannii, and 8 Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. The collection included 117 non-carbapenemase, 18 Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemases (KPC) producers, 46 New Delhi metallo-β-lactamases (NDM) producers, 11 imipenemases (IMP) producers, and 51 oxacillinases (OXA) producers, and 13 strains harboring two different carbapenemase genes.
RESULTS
The specificity of the THT (91.5%) was significantly lower than other methods, each of which had 100% specificity (P<0.003). This can be attributed to the false detection of Ampler class C β-lactamases (AmpC) carriers. The CNPt-direct and CIM yielded the highest sensitivities (P<0.003), which were comparable (92.8% vs 93.5%, P>0.999). Because of improved detection of NDM carriers, THT showed significantly higher sensitivity than the MHT (84.9% vs 75.5%, P<0.001). However, poor performances in detecting OXA still influenced the sensitivities of the CNPt (66.2%) and BCT (82.0%), as well as the MHT and THT.
CONCLUSIONS
CNPt-direct and CIM demonstrated the best performance for the efficient detection of carbapenemase among the six evaluated methods. Except the MHT and THT, the detection of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae by all the other methods was acceptable, when the OXA-type carbapenemase was not prevalent.

Keyword

Evaluation; Phenotypic methods; Carbapenemase; Gram-negative bacteria

MeSH Terms

Acinetobacter baumannii
Citrobacter
Enterobacter
Enterobacteriaceae
Escherichia coli
Gram-Negative Bacteria*
Klebsiella
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Methods*
Neptune
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Sensitivity and Specificity
Serratia

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