Yonsei Med J.  2016 Jul;57(4):1038-1041. 10.3349/ymj.2016.57.4.1038.

The Effect of Xanthigen on the Expression of Brown Adipose Tissue Assessed by 18F-FDG PET

Affiliations
  • 1Department of Family Practice and Community Health, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea. jchcmc@hanmail.net
  • 2Green Cross Reference Lab, Seoul, Korea.

Abstract

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is related with energy expenditure, in contrary to fat-storing white adipose tissue. Recent studies have shown that cold exposure could be related with the expression of BAT in adult subjects assessed by 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET). In addition, the application in previous clinical trials showed positive effect of xanthigen containing fucoxanthin and punicic acid on body weight and liver fat content. In this short-term intervention study, we evaluated the effect of xanthigen on the expression of BAT by 18F-FDG PET. Two healthy obese premenopausal women were enrolled and xanthigen 600 mg (2 capsules including fucoxanthin 3 mg, punicic acid 174 mg) was given for 3 months without dietary and exercise intervention. Body composition and dietary intake were assessed monthly. Laboratory test and 18F-FDG PET were performed before and after intervention. After intervention, there was neither weight reduction nor remarkable laboratory change. However, BAT, assessed by 18F-FDG PET, was detected in both cervical, supraclavicular and paravertebral space in one subject, even though her body weight showed mild increase. This result suggested that xanthigen can induce BAT in a healthy adult. However, a further large well-controlled study is needed.

Keyword

Xanthigen; brown adipose tissue; FDG PET

Figure

  • Fig. 1 Brown adipose tissue was assessed by 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography-CT before and after intervention. In subject A (above 4 pictures), multifocal brown fat uptake in both cervical, supraclavicular and paravertebral space was noticed after 3 months xanthigen intervention. In subject B (below 4 pictures), however, there was no demonstrable focal 18F-FDG uptake to suggest brown fat.


Reference

1. van Marken Lichtenbelt WD, Vanhommerig JW, Smulders NM, Drossaerts JM, Kemerink GJ, Bouvy ND, et al. Cold-activated brown adipose tissue in healthy men. N Engl J Med. 2009; 360:1500–1508.
Article
2. Yoneshiro T, Aita S, Matsushita M, Kameya T, Nakada K, Kawai Y, et al. Brown adipose tissue, whole-body energy expenditure, and thermogenesis in healthy adult men. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2011; 19:13–16.
Article
3. Maeda H, Hosokawa M, Sashima T, Funayama K, Miyashita K. Fucoxanthin from edible seaweed, Undaria pinnatifida, shows antiobesity effect through UCP1 expression in white adipose tissues. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2005; 332:392–397.
Article
4. Abidov M, Ramazanov Z, Seifulla R, Grachev S. The effects of Xanthigen in the weight management of obese premenopausal women with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and normal liver fat. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2010; 12:72–81.
Article
5. Wu J, Boström P, Sparks LM, Ye L, Choi JH, Giang AH, et al. Beige adipocytes are a distinct type of thermogenic fat cell in mouse and human. Cell. 2012; 150:366–376.
Article
6. Sharp LZ, Shinoda K, Ohno H, Scheel DW, Tomoda E, Ruiz L, et al. Human BAT possesses molecular signatures that resemble beige/brite cells. PLoS One. 2012; 7:e49452.
Article
7. Schulz TJ, Huang P, Huang TL, Xue R, McDougall LE, Townsend KL, et al. Brown-fat paucity due to impaired BMP signalling induces compensatory browning of white fat. Nature. 2013; 495:379–383.
Article
8. Broeders E, Bouvy ND, van Marken. Endogenous ways to stimulate brown adipose tissue in humans. Ann Med. 2015; 47:123–132.
Article
9. Frontini A, Vitali A, Perugini J, Murano I, Romiti C, Ricquier D, et al. White-to-brown transdifferentiation of omental adipocytes in patients affected by pheochromocytoma. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2013; 1831:950–959.
Article
10. Rossato M, Granzotto M, Macchi V, Porzionato A, Petrelli L, Calcagno A, et al. Human white adipocytes express the cold receptor TRPM8 which activation induces UCP1 expression, mitochondrial activation and heat production. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2014; 383:137–146.
Article
11. Bonet ML, Oliver P, Palou A. Pharmacological and nutritional agents promoting browning of white adipose tissue. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2013; 1831:969–985.
Article
12. Hashimoto T, Ozaki Y, Taminato M, Das SK, Mizuno M, Yoshimura K, et al. The distribution and accumulation of fucoxanthin and its metabolites after oral administration in mice. Br J Nutr. 2009; 102:242–248.
Article
13. Sangeetha RK, Bhaskar N, Divakar S, Baskaran V. Bioavailability and metabolism of fucoxanthin in rats: structural characterization of metabolites by LC-MS (APCI). Mol Cell Biochem. 2010; 333:299–310.
Article
14. Maeda H. Nutraceutical effects of fucoxanthin for obesity and diabetes therapy: a review. J Oleo Sci. 2015; 64:125–132.
Article
15. Gammone MA, D'Orazio N. Anti-obesity activity of the marine carotenoid fucoxanthin. Mar Drugs. 2015; 13:2196–2214.
Article
16. Lee YH, Jung YS, Choi D. Recent advance in brown adipose physiology and its therapeutic potential. Exp Mol Med. 2014; 46:e78.
Article
Full Text Links
  • YMJ
Actions
Cited
CITED
export Copy
Close
Share
  • Twitter
  • Facebook
Similar articles
Copyright © 2024 by Korean Association of Medical Journal Editors. All rights reserved.     E-mail: koreamed@kamje.or.kr