J Dent Hyg Sci.  2017 Feb;17(1):65-72. 10.17135/jdhs.2017.17.1.65.

Effects of Red or Black Ginseng Extract in a Rat Model of Inflammatory Temporomandibular Joint Pain

• Lee HJ
• Kim YK
• Choi JH
• Lee JH
• Kim HJ
• Seong MG
• Lee MK

• KMID: 2371026
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.17135/jdhs.2017.17.1.65

Abstract

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain is characterized by persistent jaw pain associated with dysfunction and tenderness of the temporomandibular muscles and joints. The aim of this study was to investigate whether treatment with red or black ginseng extract helps in the modulation of inflammatory TMJ pain. Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 220~260 g were used. The experimental group was subdivided into 4 groups based on the treatment method (n=6, each group): formalin (5%, 30 µl), formalin after distilled water (vehicle), formalin after red or black ginseng extract (per oral, single or repeated, respectively). To induce TMJ pain, 30 µl of formalin was injected into the articular cavity under ether inhalation anesthesia. The number of noxious behavioral responses of scratching the facial region proximal to the injection site was recorded for 9 successive 5-min intervals following formalin injection. Repeated treatment with red or black ginseng extract reduced the nociceptive responses in the second phase (11~45 min). Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is an oxidative stress-mediated transcription factor. Both ginsengs significantly down-regulated the increased Nrf2 level compared to the vehicle group. In the test for liver and kidney functions, repeated treatment with red or black ginseng was not different compared to the vehicle group. These results indicate that red and black ginseng extract might be promising analgesic agents in the treatment of inflammatory TMJ pain.

Keyword

Black ginseng extract; Red ginseng extract; Temporomandibular joint

MeSH Terms

Analgesics
Anesthesia, Inhalation
Animals
Ether
Formaldehyde
Humans
Jaw
Joints
Kidney
Liver
Male
Methods
Models, Animal*
Muscles
Panax*
Rats*
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Temporomandibular Joint*
Transcription Factors
Water
Analgesics
Ether
Formaldehyde
Transcription Factors
Water