1. Hwang NM. An analysis of the debates on introduction of public caregivers' services in acute medical centers. Health Welf Policy Forum. 2010; 170:60–71.
2. Ahn HS, Kim HJ. Challenges for introducing comprehensive nursing service system for hospitalized patients. J Hosp Manag Policy. 2015; 4(1):6–16.
3. Hwang NM. Institutionalization of care service issues and tasks. Health Welf Issue Focus. 2012; 47:1–8.
4. Hwang NM, Go DK. Status and improvement of caregivers' utilization in general hospital. Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs Policy Report. Report No.:98-07. Seoul: 1998.
5. Gil HH, Choi JS. Affecting factors of hospital caregivers on the level of practice, knowledge, and importance of work under no guardian. Korean J Occup Health Nurs. 2012; 21(1):55–65.
6. Lee YG. Unaccompanied guardian hospital pilot project presentation materials. National Health Insurance Service Policy report. Report No: KIHM 28. Seoul: 2015. 06.
7. Jeong WS. Focus: Enforcement of unacommpanied hospital [Internet]. Seoul: Korea Insurance Research Institute KiRi Weekly;2014. 270:5–7. cited 2016 December 15. Avaliable from;
http://www.kiri.or.kr/html/search1.asp.
8. Ko YK, Kim BJ. An analysis of nurse staffing level and nursing performance in the general unit. J Korean Acad Nurs Adm. 2008; 14(4):413–420.
9. Holden RJ, Scanlon MC, Patel NR, Kaushal R, Escoto KH, Brown RL, et al. A human factors framework and study of the effect of nursing workload on patient safety and employee quality of working life. BMJ Quality and Safety. 2011; 20:15–24. DOI:
10.1136/bmjqs.2008.028381.
10. Rafferty AM, Clarke SP, Coles J, Ball J, James P, McKee M, et al. Outcomes of variation in hospital nurse staffing in English hospitals: Cross-sectional analysis of survey data and discharge records. Int J Nurs Stud. 2007; 44:175–182. DOI:
10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2006.08.003.
12. Shin SR, Park KY. Comparing satisfaction with nursing care and factors relevant to hospital revisit intent among hospitalized patients in comprehensive nursing care units and general care units. J Korean Acad Nurs Adm. 2015; 21:469–479. DOI:
10.11111/jkana.2015.21.5.469.
13. Yeun YR. Effects of comprehensive nursing service on the nursing performance, job satisfaction and customer orientation among nurses. J Korea Acad Ind Coop Soc. 2015; 16(1):317–323. DOI:
10.5762/KAIS.2015.16.1.317.
14. Lee MK, Jung DY. A study of nursing tasks, nurses' job stress and job satisfaction in hospitals with no guardians. J Korean Acad Nurs Adm. 2015; 21:287–296. DOI:
10.11111/jkana.2015.21.3.287.
15. Lee E, Chang SS. Factors influencing depression of nurses among comprehensive nursing care service ward. Korean J Occup Health Nurs. 2016; 25(4):340–351. DOI:
10.5807/kjohn.2016.25.4.340.
16. Im JA. Factors affecting turnover intention of nurses in comprehensive nursing care wards: Job stress, emotional labor and burnout [master's thesis]. Incheon: Gachon University;2015. 1–66.
17. Lee NS. Comparative study about the clinical nurse's job satisfaction, job stress and turnover intention in a general ward, comprehensive nursing care service ward, and Anshim unit [master's thesis]. Seoul: Samwook University;2014. 1–70.
18. Lee NI. Phenomenology and qualitative research. Seoul: Hangilsa;2014. p. 179. p. 261.
19. Kim SY, Park KO, Kim JK. Nurses' experience of incivility in general hospitals. J Korean Acad Nurs. 2013; 43:453–467. DOI:
10.4040/jkan.2013.43.4.453.
20. Colaizzi PF. Psychological research as the phenomenologist views it. In : Vaile R, King M, editors. Existential phenomenological alternatives for psychology. New York: Oxford University Press;1978.
21. Guba EG, Lincoln YS. Effective evaluation: Improving the usefulness of evaluation results through responsive and naturalistic approaches. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass;1985.
23. Shin SR, Park KY. Comparing satisfaction with nursing care and factors relevant to hospital revisit intent among hospitalized patients in comprehensive nursing care units and general care units. J Korean Acad Nurs Adm. 2015; 21:469–479. DOI:
10.11111/jkana.2015.21.5.469.
24. Choi JS, Park S. Comparison of job stress, hardness, and burnout of nurses between advanced general hospitals and general hospitals. J Korea Contents Assoc. 2012; 12(3):251–259.
25. Lee MK, Jung DY. A study of nursing tasks, nurses' job stress and job satisfaction in hospitals with no guardians. J Korean Acad Nurs Adm. 2015; 21(3):287–296. DOI:
10.11111/jkana.2015.21.3.287.