Ultrasonography.  2017 Jan;36(1):39-52. 10.14366/usg.15055.

Evaluation of factors influencing arterial Doppler waveforms in an in vitro flow phantom

• Sung CK
• Lee KH
• Kim SH

• KMID: 2365575
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.14366/usg.15055

Abstract

PURPOSE
The aim of this study was to investigate factors that influence arterial Doppler waveforms in an in vitro phantom to provide a more accurate and comprehensive explanation of the Doppler signal.
METHODS
A flow model was created using a pulsatile artificial heart, rubber or polyethylene tubes, a water tank, and a glass tube. Spectral Doppler tracings were obtained in multiple combinations of compliance, resistance, and pulse rate. Peak systolic velocity, minimum diastolic velocity, resistive index (RI), pulsatility index, early systolic acceleration time, and acceleration index were measured. On the basis of these measurements, the influences of the variables on the Doppler waveforms were analyzed.
RESULTS
With increasing distal resistance, the RI increased in a relatively linear relationship. With increasing proximal resistance, the RI decreased. The pulsus tardus and parvus phenomenon was observed with a small acceleration index in the model with a higher grade of stenosis. An increase in the distal resistance masked the pulsus tardus and parvus phenomenon by increasing the acceleration index. Although this phenomenon occurred independently of compliance, changes in the compliance of proximal or distal tubes caused significant changes in the Doppler waveform. There was a reverse relationship between the RI and the pulse rate.
CONCLUSION
Resistance and compliance can alter the Doppler waveforms independently. The pulse rate is an extrinsic factor that also influences the RI. The compliance and distal resistance, as well as proximal resistance, influence the pulsus tardus and parvus phenomenon.

Keyword

Renal artery; Ultrasonography, Doppler; Phantoms, imaging

MeSH Terms

Acceleration
Compliance
Constriction, Pathologic
Glass
Heart Rate
Heart, Artificial
In Vitro Techniques*
Masks
Phantoms, Imaging
Polyethylene
Renal Artery
Rubber
Ultrasonography, Doppler
Water
Polyethylene
Rubber
Water