1. Cooper TG, Noonan E, von Eckardstein S, Auger J, Baker HW, Behre HM, et al. World Health Organization reference values for human semen characteristics. Hum Reprod Update. 2010; 16:231–245. PMID:
19934213.
Article
2. Nelson CM, Bunge RG. Semen analysis: evidence for changing parameters of male fertility potential. Fertil Steril. 1974; 25:503–507. PMID:
4835605.
Article
3. Carlsen E, Giwercman A, Keiding N, Skakkebaek NE. Evidence for decreasing quality of semen during past 50 years. BMJ. 1992; 305:609–613. PMID:
1393072.
Article
4. Swan SH, Elkin EP, Fenster L. Have sperm densities declined? A reanalysis of global trend data. Environ Health Perspect. 1997; 105:1228–1232. PMID:
9370524.
Article
5. Becker S, Berhane K. A meta-analysis of 61 sperm count studies revisited. Fertil Steril. 1997; 67:1103–1108. PMID:
9176451.
Article
6. Seo JT, Rha KH, Park YS, Lee MS. Semen quality over a 10-year period in 22,249 men in Korea. Int J Androl. 2000; 23:194–198. PMID:
10886420.
Article
7. World Health Organization. WHO laboratory manual for the examination of human semen and semen-cervical mucus interaction. 4th ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press;1999.
8. World Health Organization. WHO laboratory manual for the examination of human semen and semen-cervical mucus interaction. 5th ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press;2010.
9. Murray KS, James A, McGeady JB, Reed ML, Kuang WW, Nangia AK. The effect of the new 2010 World Health Organization criteria for semen analyses on male infertility. Fertil Steril. 2012; 98:1428–1431. PMID:
22921910.
Article
10. Chen Z, Toth T, Godfrey-Bailey L, Mercedat N, Schiff I, Hauser R. Seasonal variation and age-related changes in human semen parameters. J Androl. 2003; 24:226–231. PMID:
12634309.
Article
11. Baker K, Li J, Sabanegh E Jr. Analysis of semen parameters in male referrals: impact of reference limits, stratification by fertility categories, predictors of change, and comparison of normal semen parameters in subfertile couples. Fertil Steril. 2015; 103:59–65.e5. PMID:
25450301.
Article
12. Henderson BE, Benton B, Jing J, Yu MC, Pike MC. Risk factors for cancer of the testis in young men. Int J Cancer. 1979; 23:598–602. PMID:
37169.
Article
13. Agarwal A, Virk G, Ong C, du Plessis SS. Effect of oxidative stress on male reproduction. World J Mens Health. 2014; 32:1–17. PMID:
24872947.
Article
14. De Rosa M, Zarrilli S, Paesano L, Carbone U, Boggia B, Petretta M, et al. Traffic pollutants affect fertility in men. Hum Reprod. 2003; 18:1055–1061. PMID:
12721184.
15. Selevan SG, Borkovec L, Slott VL, Zudova Z, Rubes J, Evenson DP, et al. Semen quality and reproductive health of young Czech men exposed to seasonal air pollution. Environ Health Perspect. 2000; 108:887–894. PMID:
11017895.
Article
16. Mukhopadhyay D, Varghese AC, Pal M, Banerjee SK, Bhattacharyya AK, Sharma RK, et al. Semen quality and agespecific changes: a study between two decades on 3,729 male partners of couples with normal sperm count and attending an andrology laboratory for infertility-related problems in an Indian city. Fertil Steril. 2010; 93:2247–2254. PMID:
19328484.
Article
18. Kidd SA, Eskenazi B, Wyrobek AJ. Effects of male age on semen quality and fertility: a review of the literature. Fertil Steril. 2001; 75:237–248. PMID:
11172821.
Article
19. Statistics Korea. Vital statistics [Internet]. Daejeon: Statistics Korea;2015. cited 2015 Oct 5.
http://kostat.go.kr.