Clin Endosc.  2016 Sep;49(5):421-424. 10.5946/ce.2016.110.

Novel Therapeutic Strategies in the Management of Non-Variceal Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding

• Garber A
• Jang S

• KMID: 2356046
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2016.110

Abstract

Non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding, the most common etiology of which is peptic ulcer disease, remains a persistent challenge despite a reduction in both its incidence and mortality. Both pharmacologic and endoscopic techniques have been developed to achieve hemostasis, with varying degrees of success. Among the pharmacologic therapies, proton pump inhibitors remain the mainstay of treatment, as they reduce the risk of rebleeding and requirement for recurrent endoscopic evaluation. Tranexamic acid, a derivative of the amino acid lysine, is an antifibrinolytic agent whose role requires further investigation before application. Endoscopically delivered pharmacotherapy, including Hemospray (Cook Medical), EndoClot (EndoClot Plus Inc.), and Ankaferd Blood Stopper (Ankaferd Health Products), in addition to standard epinephrine, show promise in this regard, although their mechanisms of action require further investigation. Non-pharmacologic endoscopic techniques use one of the following two methods to achieve hemostasis: ablation or mechanical tamponade, which may involve using endoscopic clips, cautery, argon plasma coagulation, over-the-scope clipping devices, radiofrequency ablation, and cryotherapy. This review aimed to highlight these novel and fundamental hemostatic strategies and the research supporting their efficacy.

Keyword

Endoscopy; Hemostasis; Peptic ulcer; Embolization, therapeutic; Gastrointestinal hemorrhage

MeSH Terms

Argon Plasma Coagulation
Catheter Ablation
Cautery
Cryotherapy
Drug Therapy
Embolization, Therapeutic
Endoscopy
Epinephrine
Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage
Hemorrhage*
Hemostasis
Incidence
Lysine
Mortality
Peptic Ulcer
Proton Therapy
Tranexamic Acid
Epinephrine
Lysine
Tranexamic Acid

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