J Korean Diabetes.  2016 Jun;17(2):139-145. 10.4093/jkd.2016.17.2.139.

Emphysematous Gastritis with Concomitant Portal Venous Air and Acute Necrotizing Esophagitis in Type 1 Diabetes with Diabetic Ketoacidosis: A Case Report and Literature Review of a Rare Complication in Diabetes

• Oh H
• Lee H
• Chang KS
• Park JH
• Hong SM
• Lee HL
• Lee CB
• Park Y
• Kim D
• Choi WH
• Chung WS
• Ahn YH

• KMID: 2328580
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4093/jkd.2016.17.2.139

Abstract

Emphysematous gastritis is a rare disorder characterized by emphysematous change of the gastric wall due to infection with a gas-forming organism. Acute necrotizing esophagitis is a rare disorder with an unknown pathogenesis. Above two disorders rarely occur together, only three global cases have been reported to date. Such a case has never been reported in Korea, we report a novel case of severe emphysematous gastritis with concomitant portal venous air and acute necrotizing esophagitis in type 1 diabetes presenting with diabetic ketoacidosis. A 24-year-old man known to have type 1 diabetes and pulmonary tuberculosis was brought to the emergency room for epigastric pain with vomiting. His body mass index was 14.7, and the laboratory findings demonstrated leukocytosis and acidosis, as well as elevated serum glucose, ketone, and C-reactive protein levels. Enhanced computed tomography showed portal vein gas and edematous wall thickening without enhancement in the stomach wall, with air density along the stomach and esophageal wall. The patient required surgical intervention of total gastrectomy and cervical esophagostomy followed by esophagocolostomy and esophageal reconstruction. Early radiologic diagnosis and clinical suspicion of this disease and prompt intervention including antibiotics, decompression, and surgery are important for a good prognosis.

Keyword

Acute necrotizing esophagitis; Diabetic ketoacidosis; Emphysematous gastritis

MeSH Terms

Acidosis
Anti-Bacterial Agents
Blood Glucose
Body Mass Index
C-Reactive Protein
Decompression
Diabetic Ketoacidosis*
Diagnosis
Emergency Service, Hospital
Esophagitis*
Esophagostomy
Gastrectomy
Gastritis*
Humans
Korea
Leukocytosis
Portal Vein
Prognosis
Stomach
Tuberculosis, Pulmonary
Vomiting
Young Adult
Anti-Bacterial Agents
C-Reactive Protein

Figure

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  Fig. 1. Abdominal X-ray showing diffuse air contour along the dilated stomach wall.

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  Fig. 2. Coronal view abdominal computed tomography scan showing linear air density along the walls of the esophagus and stomach and extensive gas in the portal and hepatic veins.

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  Fig. 3. Endoscopy showing widespread mucosal hyperemia, edema, erosions, friability, and necrotic exudates. Esophagitis and gastritis combined with necrosis of the mucosal epithelium are observed.

Reference

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