Korean J Pain.  2016 Jul;29(3):202-204. 10.3344/kjp.2016.29.3.202.

Inverse Electrode Placement May Help to Improve Electrotherapeutic Effects in the Field of Chronic Pain Management

• Shanmugam

• KMID: 2327644
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.3344/kjp.2016.29.3.202

Abstract

No abstract available.

MeSH Terms

Chronic Pain*
Electrodes*

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 Characteristics of chronic pain and its clinical manifestation.

• 

  Fig. 2 Schematic representation of spreading of action potentials from cathode pole placed over the spine level.

Reference

1. Johnson M, Martinson M. Efficacy of electrical nerve stimulation for chronic musculoskeletal pain: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Pain. 2007; 130:157–165. PMID: 17383095.

2. Taylor P. Electrode position revision. Newsletter Article: newsletter article June 2010 No no 1. Wiltshire: Odstock Medical Limited;2011.

3. Borstad J, Woeste C. The role of sensitization in musculoskeletal shoulder pain. Braz J Phys Ther. 2015; 19:251–257. PMID: 26443971.

4. Inoue S, Kobayashi F, Nishihara M, Arai YC, Ikemoto T, Kawai T, et al. Chronic pain in the Japanese community--prevalence, characteristics and impact on quality of life. PLoS One. 2015; 10:e0129262. PMID: 26076135.

5. Diers M, Koeppe C, Diesch E, Stolle AM, Hölzl R, Schiltenwolf M, et al. Central processing of acute muscle pain in chronic low back pain patients: an EEG mapping study. J Clin Neurophysiol. 2007; 24:76–83. PMID: 17277582.

6. Shanmugam S, Mathias L, Thakur A, Kumar D. Effects of intramuscular electrical stimulation using inversely placed electrodes on myofascial pain syndrome in the shoulder: a case series. Korean J Pain. 2016; 29:136–140. PMID: 27103970.

7. Woolf CJ. Central sensitization: implications for the diagnosis and treatment of pain. Pain. 2011; 152:S2–S15. PMID: 20961685.

8. Dailey DL, Rakel BA, Vance CG, Liebano RE, Amrit AS, Bush HM, et al. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation reduces pain, fatigue and hyperalgesia while restoring central inhibition in primary fibromyalgia. Pain. 2013; 154:2554–2562. PMID: 23900134.

9. Hazime FA, de Freitas DG, Monteiro RL, Maretto RL, Carvalho NA, Hasue RH, et al. Analgesic efficacy of cerebral and peripheral electrical stimulation in chronic nonspecific low back pain: a randomized, double-blind, factorial clinical trial. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2015; 16:7. PMID: 25636503.

10. Simons LE, Elman I, Borsook D. Psychological processing in chronic pain: a neural systems approach. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2014; 39:61–78. PMID: 24374383.