Sleep Med Psychophysiol.
1999 Jun;6(1):38-45.
Characteristics of Physiological Variables(EDR, EMG) in Biofeedback Treatment
- Affiliations
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- 1Dankook University, Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
- 2Department of Psychiary, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
- 3Bucheon Sejong Hospital, Bucheon, Korea.
- 4Department of Psychiatry, Cheon An Hospital, Dankook University School of Medicine, Cheon An, Korea.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
We explored the characteristics of physiological variables such as electrodermal response (EDR) and electromyography (EMG) in patients with insomnia, panic disorder, and other anxiety disorders. We aimed to decide the minimun sessions in biofeedback treatment to make the treatment effective and examine the effects of long-term biofeedback treatment by measuring the physiological variables.
METHODS
Thirty seven outpatients who received biofeedback treatment were divided into 3 groups according to the number of biofeedback sessions (patients who received 4-5 sessions, who received 6-9 sessions, and who received more than 10 sessions). We measured mean and delta values of EDR and EMG levels, and the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS), and Self-Relaxation Inventory (SRI) in all patients. Data were analyzed by t-test and repeated measures analysis of variance.
RESULTS
The mean and delta values of EDR and EMG levels were not different among the 3 groups during the first 4 biofeedback sessions. However, patients who received more than 10 biofeedback sessions had higher baseline mean EDR value (F=2.233, p=0.036) in the first session, compared with other patients. In patients who received more than 10 biofeedback sessions, mean EDR was significantly reduced after 5th session (F=10.41, p<0.01). They showed significant improvement in SRI scores at 12th biofeedback session (t=2.726, p<0.05) and in HARS scores at 6th (t=3.10, p<0.05) and 12th biofeedback session (t=10.93, p<0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
Wesuggest that patients should receive more than 5 biofeedback sessions to experience internal cues and get a good clinical response to biofeedback treatment.
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