Nutr Res Pract.  2015 Jun;9(3):313-318. 10.4162/nrp.2015.9.3.313.

Dietary patterns and cardio-cerebrovascular disease in a Chinese population

• Wang H
• Qu M
• Yang P
• Yang B
• Deng F

• KMID: 2313845
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4162/nrp.2015.9.3.313

Abstract

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES
Dietary pattern and its association with cardio-cerebrovascular disease have not been studied in Baoji city by now. This study was aimed to identify the dietary patterns among Chinese adults in Baoji, and explore the association between these dietary patterns and cardio-cerebrovascular disease.
SUBJECTS/METHODS
A total of 4,968 participants were included in this study at 12 counties. With multistage stratified random sampling and semi quantitative food frequency questionnaire, the prevalence of cardio-cerebrovascular disease and dietary intake were investigated in 2013. We used factor analysis to establish dietary patterns.
RESULTS
A total of 4,968 participants over 15 years old were included in this study. Five dietary patterns were identified in Baoji: protein, balanced, beans, prudent, and traditional patterns. The protein dietary pattern mainly included animal and plant proteins and was negatively associated with hypertension as well as stroke. The balanced pattern included carbohydrates, protein, and fat and was negatively associated with hypertension as well as stroke. The beans pattern was mainly beans and beans products and was negatively associated with hypertension. The prudent pattern only included staple foods and pickled vegetables and was positively associated with hypertension as well as coronary heart disease. The traditional pattern was representative of local Baoji traditional recipes and was positively associated with hypertension.
CONCLUSIONS
The protein, balanced, and beans dietary patterns showed many protective effects on cardio-cerebrovascular disease. Based on these results, Baoji city residents should be encouraged to choose protein, balanced, and beans dietary patterns and abandon prudent and traditional patterns to prevent incidence of hypertension, coronary heart disease, and stroke.

Keyword

Dietary patterns; factor analysis; cardio-cerebrovascular disease; Chinese

MeSH Terms

Adult
Animals
Asian Continental Ancestry Group*
Carbohydrates
Coronary Disease
Fabaceae
Factor Analysis, Statistical
Humans
Hypertension
Incidence
Plant Proteins
Prevalence
Surveys and Questionnaires
Stroke
Vegetables
Carbohydrates
Plant Proteins

Reference

1. Gaziano TA, Bitton A, Anand S, Abrahams-Gessel S, Murphy A. Growing epidemic of coronary heart disease in low- and middle-income countries. Curr Probl Cardiol. 2010; 35:72–115.

2. Whitworth JA. World Health Organization, International Society of Hypertension Writing Group. 2003 World Health Organization (WHO)/International Society of Hypertension (ISH) statement on management of hypertension. J Hypertens. 2003; 21:1983–1992.

3. Chockalingam A, Campbell NR, Fodor JG. Worldwide epidemic of hypertension. Can J Cardiol. 2006; 22:553–555.

4. Newby PK, Tucker KL. Empirically derived eating patterns using factor or cluster analysis: a review. Nutr Rev. 2004; 62:177–203.

5. Kant AK. Dietary patterns and health outcomes. J Am Diet Assoc. 2004; 104:615–635.

6. Wang D, He Y, Li Y, Luan D, Yang X, Zhai F, Ma G. Dietary patterns and hypertension among Chinese adults: a nationally representative cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2011; 11:925.

7. Rezazadeh A, Rashidkhani B, Omidvar N. Association of major dietary patterns with socioeconomic and lifestyle factors of adult women living in Tehran, Iran. Nutrition. 2010; 26:337–341.

8. Zhang L, Shi ZF, Chi AL, Zhao ZT. Effects of 11 years' community intervention on hypertension, diabetes and KAP of the diseases among urban residents. Chin J Public Health. 2013; 29:608–611.

9. Luo Y, Chen X, Zuo G, Yuan N. Association between hypertension and dietary patterns in residents of Jiangyin city. Chin J Public Health. 2009; 25:314–316.

10. Shang X, Li Y, Liu A, Zhang Q, Hu X, Du S, Ma J, Xu G, Li Y, Guo H, Du L, Ma G. Dietary pattern and its association with the prevalence of obesity and related cardiometabolic risk factors among Chinese children. PLoS One. 2012; 7:e43183.

11. Song SJ, Lee JE, Paik HY, Park MS, Song YJ. Dietary patterns based on carbohydrate nutrition are associated with the risk for diabetes and dyslipidemia. Nutr Res Pract. 2012; 6:349–356.

12. Hoffmann K, Schulze MB, Schienkiewitz A, Nöthlings U, Boeing H. Application of a new statistical method to derive dietary patterns in nutritional epidemiology. Am J Epidemiol. 2004; 159:935–944.

13. Foroughi M, Akhavanzanjani M, Maghsoudi Z, Ghiasvand R, Khorvash F, Askari G. Stroke and nutrition: a review of studies. Int J Prev Med. 2013; 4:S165–S179.

14. Heidemann C, Schulze MB, Franco OH, van Dam RM, Mantzoros CS, Hu FB. Dietary patterns and risk of mortality from cardiovascular disease, cancer, and all causes in a prospective cohort of women. Circulation. 2008; 118:230–237.

15. Lutsey PL, Steffen LM, Stevens J. Dietary intake and the development of the metabolic syndrome: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study. Circulation. 2008; 117:754–761.

16. Deshmukh-Taskar PR, O'Neil CE, Nicklas TA, Yang SJ, Liu Y, Gustat J, Berenson GS. Dietary patterns associated with metabolic syndrome, sociodemographic and lifestyle factors in young adults: the Bogalusa Heart Study. Public Health Nutr. 2009; 12:2493–2503.

17. Fialkowski MK, McCrory MA, Roberts SM, Tracy JK, Grattan LM, Boushey CJ. Dietary patterns are associated with dietary recommendations but have limited relationship to BMI in the Communities Advancing the Studies of Tribal Nations Across the Lifespan (CoASTAL) cohort. Public Health Nutr. 2012; 15:1948–1958.

18. Langsetmo L, Poliquin S, Hanley DA, Prior JC, Barr S, Anastassiades T, Towheed T, Goltzman D, Kreiger N. CaMos Research Group. Dietary patterns in Canadian men and women ages 25 and older: relationship to demographics, body mass index, and bone mineral density. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2010; 11:20.

19. Heidemann C, Scheidt-Nave C, Richter A, Mensink GB. Dietary patterns are associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in a representative study population of German adults. Br J Nutr. 2011; 106:1253–1262.

20. Fonseca MJ, Gaio R, Lopes C, Santos AC. Association between dietary patterns and metabolic syndrome in a sample of Portuguese adults. Nutr J. 2012; 11:64.

21. Khosravi-Boroujeni H, Sarrafzadegan N, Mohammadifard N, Sajjadi F, Maghroun M, Asgari S, Rafieian-Kopaei M, Azadbakht L. White rice consumption and CVD risk factors among Iranian population. J Health Popul Nutr. 2013; 31:252–261.

22. Shin JY, Kim JM, Kim Y. Associations between dietary patterns and hypertension among Korean adults: the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2008-2010). Nutr Res Pract. 2013; 7:224–232.

23. Akter S, Nanri A, Pham NM, Kurotani K, Mizoue T. Dietary patterns and metabolic syndrome in a Japanese working population. Nutr Metab (Lond). 2013; 10:30.

24. Daniel CR, Prabhakaran D, Kapur K, Graubard BI, Devasenapathy N, Ramakrishnan L, George PS, Shetty H, Ferrucci LM, Yurgalevitch S, Chatterjee N, Reddy KS, Rastogi T, Gupta PC, Mathew A, Sinha R. A cross-sectional investigation of regional patterns of diet and cardio-metabolic risk in India. Nutr J. 2011; 10:12.

25. Esfahani A, Wong JM, Truan J, Villa CR, Mirrahimi A, Srichaikul K, Kendall CW. Health effects of mixed fruit and vegetable concentrates: a systematic review of the clinical interventions. J Am Coll Nutr. 2011; 30:285–294.

26. Hung HC, Joshipura KJ, Jiang R, Hu FB, Hunter D, Smith-Warner SA, Colditz GA, Rosner B, Spiegelman D, Willett WC. Fruit and vegetable intake and risk of major chronic disease. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2004; 96:1577–1584.

27. Appel LJ, Moore TJ, Obarzanek E, Vollmer WM, Svetkey LP, Sacks FM, Bray GA, Vogt TM, Cutler JA, Windhauser MM, Lin PH, Karanja N. A clinical trial of the effects of dietary patterns on blood pressure. DASH Collaborative Research Group. N Engl J Med. 1997; 336:1117–1124.

28. Lee SA, Cai H, Yang G, Xu WH, Zheng W, Li H, Gao YT, Xiang YB, Shu XO. Dietary patterns and blood pressure among middle-aged and elderly Chinese men in Shanghai. Br J Nutr. 2010; 104:265–275.

29. Bhupathiraju SN, Tucker KL. Coronary heart disease prevention: nutrients, foods, and dietary patterns. Clin Chim Acta. 2011; 412:1493–1514.

30. Hu FB, Rimm EB, Stampfer MJ, Ascherio A, Spiegelman D, Willett WC. Prospective study of major dietary patterns and risk of coronary heart disease in men. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000; 72:912–921.

31. Berg CM, Lappas G, Strandhagen E, Wolk A, Torén K, Rosengren A, Aires N, Thelle DS, Lissner L. Food patterns and cardiovascular disease risk factors: the Swedish INTERGENE research program. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008; 88:289–297.

32. Hu FB. Dietary pattern analysis: a new direction in nutritional epidemiology. Curr Opin Lipidol. 2002; 13:3–9.

33. Shimazu T, Kuriyama S, Hozawa A, Ohmori K, Sato Y, Nakaya N, Nishino Y, Tsubono Y, Tsuji I. Dietary patterns and cardiovascular disease mortality in Japan: a prospective cohort study. Int J Epidemiol. 2007; 36:600–609.

34. Kim YO. Dietary patterns associated with hypertension among Korean males. Nutr Res Pract. 2009; 3:162–166.