J Breast Cancer.  2016 Jun;19(2):142-147. 10.4048/jbc.2016.19.2.142.

Hornerin Is Involved in Breast Cancer Progression

• Choi J
• Kim DI
• Kim J
• Kim BH
• Kim A

• KMID: 2308964
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4048/jbc.2016.19.2.142

Abstract

PURPOSE
The S100 gene family, which comprises over 20 members, including S100A1, S100A2, S100A8, S100A9, profilaggrin, and hornerin encodes low molecular weight calcium-binding proteins with physiological and pathological roles in keratinization. Recent studies have suggested a link between S100 proteins and human cancer progression. The purpose of the present study was to determine the expression levels of hornerin, S100A8, and S100A9 and evaluate their roles in the progression of invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC).
METHODS
Seventy cases of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), IDC, and metastatic carcinoma in lymph nodes (MCN) were included. Tissue microarrays were constructed from lesions of DCIS, IDC, and MCN from the same patients. Expression of hornerin, S100A8, and S100A9 was analyzed using immunohistochemistry.
RESULTS
The expression of hornerin was associated with the estrogen receptor-negative (p=0.003) and the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive (p=0.002) groups. The expression of S100A8 was associated with a higher pT stage (p=0.017). A significant (p<0.001) correlation between the expression of S100A9 and S100A8 was also found. The mean percentages of hornerin-positive tumor cells in DCIS, IDC, and MCN were 1.0%±3.3% (mean±standard deviation), 12.0%±24.0%, and 75.3%± 27.6%, respectively. The expression of hornerin significantly (p<0.001) increased with the progression of carcinoma. The mean levels of S100A8 and S100A9 in DCIS, IDC, and MCN were not significantly (p>0.050) different. The expression of hornerin increased in a stepwise manner (DCISCONCLUSION
Our data suggest that hornerin is involved in breast cancer progression and malignant transformation from preinvasive lesions.

Keyword

Breast neoplasms; Hornerin protein; S100 proteins

MeSH Terms

Breast Neoplasms*
Breast*
Calcium-Binding Proteins
Carcinoma, Ductal
Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating
Estrogens
Humans
Immunohistochemistry
Lymph Nodes
Molecular Weight
Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor
S100 Proteins
Calcium-Binding Proteins
Estrogens
Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor
S100 Proteins

Figure

• 

  Figure 1 Immunohistochemical staining for hornerin, S100A8, and S100A9 in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), and metastatic carcinoma in lymph nodes (MCN). Hornerin, S100A8, and S100A9 were easily detectable in the cytoplasm and focally positive in the nucleus of tumor cells. The top, middle, and bottom rows show the expression of hornerin, S100A8, and S100A9, respectively. The column on the left, middle, and right shows DCIS, IDC; and MCN, respectively (magnification, ×200).

• 

  Figure 2 Expression patterns of hornerin, S100A8, and S100A9 in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), and metastatic carcinoma in lymph nodes (MCN). The expression of hornerin was increased in a stepwise manner (DCIS

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