Comparison of Metabolic Risk Factors in Patients with 1st Episode Urolithiasis Stratified according to Age

Yang, Cheol Soo; Moon, Young Tae

Abstract

PURPOSE: The metabolic parameters were compared with the 1st episode calcium oxalate urolithiasis in 3 age groups and according to gender.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A total of 167 patients (114 male and 53 female) with their 1st episode calcium oxalate urolithiasis, including 21 patients aged <30 years (group A), 99 aged 30-59 years (group B) and 47 aged 60 years (group C), were investigated by metabolic evaluation. The items of metabolic change evaluated were the low 24-hour urine volume (<1,500cc), hypercalciuria, hyperoxaluria, hyperuricosuria and hypocitraturia.
RESULTS
A low 24-hour urine volume was more common in group A (46.6%) than groups B (24.2%) or C (23.4%). Hypercalciuria was more common in group B (16.2%, p<0.05) than groups A (0%) or C (2.1%). There were 14.3% hyperoxaluric patients in group A and 34.3% in group B, which was statistically significant (p<0.05). Of the 167 patients, 101 had hypocitraturia, but seemed to show no statistically significant difference between the groups. Hyperuricosuria was more common in group A (33.3%) than groups B (11.1) or C (2.1%).
CONCLUSIONS
In patients with 1st episode calcium oxalate urolithiasis, hypocitraturia is the most common risk factor, regardless of age or gender. Hypercalciuria was more common in group B (age 30-59) than the other age groups, while low urine output and hyperuricosuria were more common in group A (age<30). Considering the significant differences in the various risk factors between the different age groups, the specific prevention and treatment of certain risk factors for calculus formations according to age and gender seem necessary.