Korean J Perinatol.  2015 Sep;26(3):222-228. 10.14734/kjp.2015.26.3.222.

Clinical Manifestations of Capillary Hemangiomas in Preterm Infants

• Kim SN
• Lee J
• Shin SH
• Choi CW
• Kim EK
• Kim HS
• Kim BI
• Choi JH

• KMID: 2281226
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.14734/kjp.2015.26.3.222

Abstract

PURPOSE
Capillary hemangiomas occur more frequently in preterm infants. We aimed to describe the clinical course of capillary hemangiomas in preterm infants.
METHODS
The records of preterm infants with a gestational age (GA) of <35 weeks who were admitted to two tertiary neonatal intensive care units from January 2004 to December 2013 and had capillary hemangiomas were reviewed retrospectively. Subgroup analysis of between infants of GA <30 weeks and GA 30-34+6 weeks were done and ad hoc analysis comparing study population and matched preterm infants without hemangioma for investigation of differences in clinical characteristics.
RESULTS
Of the 2,772 preterm infants, 112 (4%) infants developed capillary hemangiomas. The majority (91.9 %) of them had a solitary hemangiomas with the trunk was the most commonly involved site (43%). Three quarters of the patients were treated with topical corticosteroid, propranolol or laser treatment. When we divided this population as who were born before or after GA 30 weeks, there was no difference at postmenstrual age (PMA) of onset of capillary hemangiomas (median [IQR], 36(+4) [30(+5)-40(+5)] vs. 36+2 [33(+6)-41(+1)] weeks, P = 0.275). The age at involution of capillary hemangiomas was also not differ between two groups (median [IQR], 7.75 [3.75-12.25] vs. 7.5 [4-13.75] months, P=0.425). There were no statistical differences between preterm infants with capillary hemangiomas and their age, weight and sex matched control preterm infants without hemangiomas in the neonatal and maternal factors.
CONCLUSION
The development of capillary hemangiomas occurred at approximately 36 to 37 weeks of PMA regardless of prematurity in preterm infants. Capillary hemangiomas of preterm infants resolved spontaneously and disappear completely by around 7 months of corrected age.

Keyword

Preterm infant; Capillary hemangiomas

MeSH Terms

Capillaries*
Gestational Age
Hemangioma
Hemangioma, Capillary*
Humans
Infant
Infant, Newborn
Infant, Premature*
Intensive Care Units, Neonatal
Propranolol
Retrospective Studies
Propranolol

Figure

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  Fig. 1. The majority (91.9%) of the preterm infants had a solitary hemangiomas, and 9 (34.5%) had two to three lesions. Lesions were most commonly found on the trunk (43%), head and neck (35%), and extremities (22%).

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