A comparison of criteria of gestational diabetes using 100 gm oral glucose tolerance test in Korean women

Lee, Jung Han; Lee, Hong Joo; Lee, Jae Gyu; Hwang, Jung Hye; Kim, Seung Ryong; Kim, Kyung Tai; Ahn, You Hern

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to compare the National Diabetes Data Group (NDDG) with the American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria proposed by Carpenter and Coustan for determining gestational diabetes using the 100 gm oral glucose tolerance test (GTT) in Korean women.
METHODS
Seventeen-hundred pregnant women who underwent a 50 g oral GTT and delivered in the department of Ob/Gyn, Hanyang Univ Guri Hospital, between March, 1999 and February, 2004 were the subjects of this study. The women were categorized into A through D groups as follows: euglycemic control subjects (A), subjects with non gestational diabetes diagnosed by the NDDG and ADA criteria (B), subjects with gestational diabetes diagnosed by only the ADA criteria but not the NDDG criteria (C) and subjects with gestational diabetes diagnosed by only the NDDG criteria (D). The general characteristic and pregnancy outcomes were compared for each groups. The effectiveness of the ADA criteria was determinined by macrosomia and preeclampsia after controlling for confounding risk factors by logistic regression modeling.
RESULTS
Of the 1700 pregnant women, 1420 women were classified in group A, 184 women were in group B, 28 women were in group C and 68 women were in group D. The group D showed more obese and less gestational weeks at delivery than the other groups. In pregnancy outcomes, groups B, C, and D showed more weighted average birth weight and higher frequency of macrosomia of the fetus than in group A. No differences existed among the 4 groups regarding intrauterine growth restriction, preeclampsia, and cesarean section. The risk factors of macrosomia were groups B, C, and D that shows glucose intolerance, obesity and more higher weight gain during pregnancy. Even after controlling for confounding risk factors by logistic regression modeling, groups B, C, and D were risk factors for macrosomia. Especially, the odds ratio for group C has shown a higher risk factor at 7.6 as compared to group D at 5.3. Glucose intolerance was not shown to be a risk factor of preeclampsia.
CONCLUSION
Because glucose intolerance as shown in abnormal 50 g oral GTT is a risk factor for macrosomia and more weighted average birth weight of the fetus in Korean women, the diagnostic standards for Korean women are more suited to the ADA criteria compared to the NDDG criteria.