Korean J Orthod.  2013 Aug;43(4):193-200. 10.4041/kjod.2013.43.4.193.

Psychosocial impact of malocclusion in Spanish adolescents

• Bellot-Arcis C
• Montiel-Company JM
• Almerich-Silla JM

• KMID: 2272255
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4041/kjod.2013.43.4.193

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the psychosocial impact of malocclusion, determine its relationship with the severity of malocclusion, and assess the influence of gender and social class on this relationship in adolescents.
METHODS
A random sample of 627 Spanish adolescents aged 12 - 15 years underwent intraoral examinations by 3 calibrated examiners (intraexaminer and interexaminer kappa > 0.85) at their schools. Psychosocial impact was measured through a self-rated Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire (PIDAQ). The severity of malocclusion was measured by the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN). Gender and social class were also recorded.
RESULTS
The total PIDAQ score and those of its 4 subscales, social impact, psychological impact, aesthetic concern, and dental self-confidence, presented significant differences (p < or = 0.05 by analysis of variance) and linear relationships with the IOTN grades (p < or = 0.05 by linear regression). Stepwise linear regression models showed that the IOTN dental health component was a predictive variable of the total and subscale PIDAQ scores. Neither gender nor social class was an independent predictive variable of this relationship, except the linear model for psychological impact, where gender was a predictive variable. The occlusal conditions responsible for higher PIDAQ scores were increased overjet, impeded eruption, tooth displacement, and increased overbite.
CONCLUSIONS
Malocclusion has a psychological impact in adolescents and this impact increases with the severity of malocclusion. Social class may not influence this association, but the psychological impact seems to be greater among girls.

Keyword

Public health; Epidemiology

MeSH Terms

Adolescent
Aged
Displacement (Psychology)
Esthetics
Humans
Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need
Linear Models
Malocclusion
Public Health
Surveys and Questionnaires
Social Change
Social Class
Tooth Eruption

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