The Clinical Significance of Oral Glucose Tolerance Test in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Lee, Sang Hyeok; Oh, Eun Hee; Kim, Jeong Seok; Yoon, Eun Mi; Choi, Young Mi; Choi, Beom; Kim, Dong Jin

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
This study was performed to identify the clinical characteristics on the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) related to risk factors and to assess the significance of screening test.
METHODS
From Jan. 2000 to Dec. 2001, 513 women attending prenatal clinic were screened for GDM. Universal screening with 50 gm GTT were performed during 24-28th gestational weeks period. Women with 1 hour plasma glucose >or=140 mg/dl underwent 100 gm GTT for diagnosis of GDM. The patients were divided into high risk and control group.
RESULTS
The overall incidence of GDM was 3.1%. Among high risk group and control group, the prevalence of positive screening tests were 28.9% vs 13.6% (P=0.001), and frequencies of abnormal 100 gm GTTs were 8.8% vs 0.6% (P=0.001), respectively. These rates were statistically significant. The significant risk factors were glucosuria, family history of DM and obesity (BMI >or=25). With increasing BMI, the prevalence of GDM was found to be significantly increased.
CONCLUSION
The screening test of GDM would be preferable for all pregnant women rather than risk group only. Intensified management approach is needed for patients with glucosuria, family history of DM or obesity.