Asian Oncol Nurs.  2013 Dec;13(4):304-312. 10.5388/aon.2013.13.4.304.

The Experiences of Adolescents' Suffering from Cancer: Breaking out of the withdrawn Ego

Affiliations
  • 1Red Cross College of Nursing, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea. kwonhj@cau.ac.kr

Abstract

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to describe and explore the experience of adolescents with cancer.
METHODS
This study was based on the grounded theory by Strauss & Corbin (1998). The subjects were 13 adolescents including in and out-patients of a university hospital diagnosed with cancer.
RESULTS
'Getting changed' and 'getting deviated' were found to be the causal conditions. 'Inclination', 'self-reliance', and 'hope' were identified as contextual conditions, 'shrinking feeling' as the core phenomenon, 'awareness of disease', 'self-consciousness', and 'getting understanding and love' as intervening conditions, 'negligence', 'separation', 'self-management', and 'inspiration' as the strategies and 'being shirk', 'getting back', and 'going forward' as consequences. 'Breaking out of the withdrawn ego' was the core category in this study.
CONCLUSION
This study provides a framework for the development of individualized nursing interventions for 'Breaking out of the withdrawn ego' to care for adolescents with cancer. Finally adolescents with cancer are 'reborn' with a more mature ego.

Keyword

Adolescent; Neoplasms; Life Experience

MeSH Terms

Adolescent
Ego*
Humans
Life Change Events
Nursing
Outpatients

Figure

  • Fig. 1 Experiences of Adolescents' Suffering from Cancer.


Reference

1. National Cancer Information Center. Annual report of cancer statistics in Korea in 2010. Accessed March 28, 2013. http://www.cancer.go.kr.
2. Hong CE. Pediatrics. 9th ed. Seoul: Mirae-n;2007.
3. Oh KS, Sim MK, Son SY. Health problems and psychosocial adaptation of children with cancer. J Korean Acad Nurs. 2003; 33(2):293–300.
Article
4. Kang KA. The experience of adolescents with cancer. Korean J Nurs Query. 1997; 6(2):67–89.
5. Kim HL. The experience of adolescents with childhood cancer in a self-help group program [dissertation]. Yonsei Univ.: Seoul;2005.
6. Son S, Oh KS. Self-image of adolescents with cancer. Korean J Child Health Nurs. 2005; 11(4):465–471.
7. Woodgate RL. A different way of being: adolescents' experiences with cancer. Cancer Nurs. 2005; 28(1):8–15.
8. Palmer L, Erickson S, Shaffer T, Koopman C, Amylon M, Steiner H. Themes arising in group therapy for adolescents with cancer and their parents. Int J Rehabil Health. 2000; 5(1):43–54.
9. Choi JY. Development of a treatment stage based nursing intervention protocol for adolescents with cancer [dissertation]. Seoul: Yonsei Univ.;2000.
10. Gibson F, Mulhall AB, Edwards JL, Ream E, Sepion BJ. A phenomenologic study of fatigue in adolescents receiving treatment for cancer. Oncol Nurs Forum. 2005; 32(3):651–660.
Article
11. Meadows AT. Pediatric cancer survivors: past history and future challenges. Curr Probl Cancer. 2003; 27(3):112–126.
Article
12. Whyte F, Smith L. A literature review of adolescence and cacner. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl). 1997; 6:137–146.
13. Kazak AE, Alderfer M, Rourke MT, Simms S, Streisand R, Grossman JR. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) in families of adolescent childhood cancer survivors. J Pediatr Psychol. 2004; 29(3):211–219.
Article
14. Ritchie MA. Self-esteem and hopefulness in adolescents with cancer. J Pediatr Nurs. 2001; 16(1):35–42.
Article
15. Haluska HB, Jessee PO, Nagy MC. Sources of social support: adolescents with cancer. Oncol Nurs Forum. 2002; 29(9):1317–1324.
Article
16. Barakat LP, Kazak AE, Meadows AT, Casey R, Meeske K, Stuber ML. Families surviving childhood cancer: a comparison of post traumatic stress symptoms with families of healthy children. J Pediatr Psychol. 1997; 22:843–859.
Article
17. Enskär K, Carlsson M, Golsater M, Hamrin E. Symptom distress and life situation in adolescents with cancer. Cancer Nurs. 1997; 20(1):23–33.
Article
18. Moody K, Meyer M, Mancuso CA, Charlson M, Robbins L. Exploring concers of children with cancer. Support Care Cancer. 2006; 14:960–966.
19. Strauss A, Corbin J. Basics of qualitative research; techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory. 2nd ed. London: Sage Publications;1998.
20. Lincoln YS, Guba EG. Naturalistic Inquiry. Newbury Park, CA: Sage publications;1985.
21. Kwon HH. The experience of stress and the mediating effect of social support, coping style and self-efficacy: a longitudinal analysis of Korean high school students [dissertation]. Inchon: Inha Univ.;2003.
22. Casey R, Brown RT, Bakeman R. Predicting adjustment in children and adolescents with sickle cell disease: a test of the risk resistance adaptation model. Rehabil Psychol. 2000; 45(2):155–178.
Article
23. Weekes DP, Kagan SH. Adolescents completing cancer therapy meaning, perception and coping. Oncol Nurs Forum. 1994; 21(4):663–670.
24. Kim MY, Gu HY, Kwon IS, Kim JS, Kim TI, Song IS, et al. The growth and development of children and nursing. Seoul: Koonja;2007.
25. Jung WS, Jung SS. The returning process of runaway adolescents. Paju: Korean Studies Information;2006.
26. Mattsson E, Ringner A, Ljungman G, Essen LV. Positive and negative consequences with regard to cancer during adolescence. Experience two years after diagnosis. Psychooncology. 2007; 16:1003–1009.
Article
27. Felder-Puig R, Formann AK, Mildner A, Bretschneider W, Bucher B, Windhager R, et al. Quality of life and psychosocial adjustment of young patients after treatment of bone cancer. Cancer. 1998; 83(1):69–75.
Article
28. Anholt UV, Fritz GK, Keener M. Self-concept in survivors of childhood and adolescent cancer. J Psychosoc Oncol. 1993; 11:1–7.
Article
29. Katz MR, Rodin G, Devins GM. Self-esteem and cancer: theory and research. Can J Psychiatry. 1995; 40:608–615.
Article
30. Rechner M. Adolescents with cancer : getting on with life. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs. 1990; 7:139–144.
Full Text Links
  • AON
Actions
Cited
CITED
export Copy
Close
Share
  • Twitter
  • Facebook
Similar articles
Copyright © 2024 by Korean Association of Medical Journal Editors. All rights reserved.     E-mail: koreamed@kamje.or.kr