Study on the Prevalence of Coronary Heart Disease and Albuminuria in Type 2 Diabetic Patients

Kang, Tae Soo; Choi, So Rae; Kim, Young A; Park, Hong Soo; Seo, Jung Kun; Hwang, Hak Jin; Hur, Ae Jung; Yoon, Se Jung; Shin, Sug Kyun; Kang, Shin Wook; Choi, Kyu Hun; Lee, Ho Young; Han, Dae Suk; Ha, Sung Kyu

Abstract

There are opinions that microalbuminuria acts as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, related to other risk factors such as endothelial cell dysfunction, hypertension, insulin resistance, obesity, hyperlipidemia and platelet aggregation dysfunction in diabetic and non-diabetic patients. We examined the prevalence of microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria and the relationship of microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria to coronary heart disease in type 2 diabetic patients. Out of 798 type 2 diabetic patients who were hospitalized at Yonsei medical center from Oct. 1997 to Feb. 1999, we studied 181 patients who had normal renal function and were examined 24 hour urine albumin excretion. According to the amount of urine albumin excretion, 181 patients were categorized into three groups; normoalbuminuria(less than 30mg/24hour), microalbuminuria(30-300mg/24hour) and macroalbuminuria (more than 300mg/24hour). Patients were tested using treadmill test, stress thallium scan, echocardiography, and coronary angiography for the evaluation of coronary heart disease. The freguency of normoalbuminuria, microalbuminuria, and macroalbuminuria in our patients were 50.3%(91/181), 30.9%(56/181), and 18.3%(34/181), respectively. In each group, the prevalence of hypertension were 42.5%, 78.5%, and 82.3%, respectively and the prevalence of cardiovascular disease were 24.7%, 50.0%, and 46.0%, respectively. Microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria groups showed statistically significant differences in the prevalence of hypertension and coronary heart disease compared with normoalbuminuria group(p<0.05). In addition, the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy were 37.3%, 58.9%, and 55.8%, respectively and microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria groups showed statistically significant differences in the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy compared with normoalbuminuria group(p<0.05). We conclude that microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria is a strong predictor of coronary heart disease in patients with type 2 diabetes.