Preoperative Glycemic Status Affects the Risk for Acid Aspiration Pneumonia in Elective Cesarean Delivery

Hong, Jeong Yeon; Park, Jung Wook; Oh, Jong In

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Although there are many studies of hypo- or hyperglycemia on gastric function, no studies have been conducted to determine the effect of glycemic status on preoperative gastric contents especially in pregnant women. We investigated the effect of dextrose infusion on preoperative gastric contents and serum gastrin in overfasting pregnant patients.
METHODS
After six hours of fasting, forty pregnant patients scheduled for elective cesarean section were randomly assigned to one of two groups to receive either 120 ml/h of 5% dextrose fluid (Dextrose group, n = 20) or same rate of normal saline (Control group) until the induction of anesthesia. Before the start of combined spinal-epidural anesthesia, gastric contents were gently aspirated using a 14-F multiorifice nasogastric tube (Levin tube, Yushin Medical, Shiheung, Korea). Blood samples for the serum gastrin and glucose concentrations were taken.
RESULTS
Aspirated gastric pH (2.7 vs. 2.9) and volumes (28.5 vs. 26.5 ml) were similar in the two groups. However, significantly more patients (40%) in the control group were found to be at risk of aspiration syndrome, pH < 2.5 and volume > 25 ml, than in the dextrose group (20%). The serum gastrin concentrations of the two groups were not significantly different (32.8 vs. 27.1 pg/ml). Preoperative glucose concentration did not correlate with gastric pH or volumes, but with serum gastrin concentration (tau-b = -0.347, vs. -0.466, P = 0.02).
CONCLUSIONS
Preoperative dextrose infusion can decrease the number of patients at risk for pulmonary acid aspiration in overfasting pregnant women undergoing cesarean delivery.