Knee Surg Relat Res.  2012 Mar;24(1):46-51. 10.5792/ksrr.2012.24.1.46.

Clinical Presentation of Staphylococcus epidermidis Septic Arthritis Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

• Kim YM
• Joo YB

• KMID: 2223450
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.5792/ksrr.2012.24.1.46

Abstract

PURPOSE
This study evaluated the clinical presentations of Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) septic arthritis after arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Between September 2006 and February 2008, S. epidermidis septic arthritis developed in six patients following arthroscopic ACLR. We reviewed the medical records retrospectively and interviewed the patients.
RESULTS
The average interval between ACLR and symptom onset was 4.7 days (range, 2 to 8 days). Local warmth, swelling limited knee motion and general malaise were observed in varying degrees in all the patients. The fever was generally slight with an intermittent spiking pattern. Postoperative erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein were elevated. After the development of infection, the joint was aspirated in all cases. The white blood cell count was at least 22,400, with the presence of 80 to 90% of polymorphonuclear cells. All the patients had a few Gram-positive cocci and positive cultures for S. epidermidis.
CONCLUSIONS
The symptoms, signs and laboratory findings of S. epidermidis septic arthritis following ACLR are nonspecific with various clinical presentations. So the diagnosis is often delayed. Positive gram staining can be used to confirm septic arthritis. Careful observation for septic arthritis is advised in case of presence of any abnormality after ACLR.

Keyword

Knee; Septic arthritis; Staphylococcus epidermidis; Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

MeSH Terms

Anterior Cruciate Ligament
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Arthritis, Infectious
Blood Sedimentation
C-Reactive Protein
Fever
Gram-Positive Cocci
Humans
Joints
Knee
Leukocyte Count
Medical Records
Retrospective Studies
Staphylococcus
Staphylococcus epidermidis
C-Reactive Protein