J Korean Ophthalmol Soc.  2014 Feb;55(2):261-266. 10.3341/jkos.2014.55.2.261.

A Study of Ocular Disease and Treatment in Patients with Developmental Disability

• Yoon HS
• Lee JY
• Cho YA

• KMID: 2218420
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2014.55.2.261

Abstract

PURPOSE
To evaluate ocular abnormalities in children with developmental disability and to find out whether any correlation exists between developmental disability and surgical outcome.
METHODS
Totally 43 patients with the diagnosis of developmental disability were enrolled in this retrospective study.
RESULTS
Mean follow-up was 4.54 +/- 2.35 year. 20 patients had exodeviation, 15 patients had esodeviation, 10 patients had dissociated vertical deviation and 4 patients had dyskinetic strabismus. 21 patients had surgery and the mean deviation angle was decreased from 36.67 +/- 15.70 PD to 5.33 +/- 5.93 PD in exotropia and 56.25 +/- 8.54 PD to 5.75 +/- 4.65 PD in esotropia. Refractive error was found in 33 patients (88.4%). 26 patients (60.5%) had monocular amblyopia and 17 patients (65.38%) showed improvement of visual acuity after treatment.
CONCLUSIONS
Exotropia is the most common type strabismus in patients with developmental disability and dyskinetic strabismus is found in cerebral palsy. Strabismus Surgery for patients with stable angle deviation and amblyopia treatment is effective in children with developmental disability. However decision for surgery should be made after a long follow up period.

Keyword

Amblyopia; Developmental disability; Refractive error; Strabismus; Strabismus surgery

MeSH Terms

Amblyopia
Cerebral Palsy
Child
Developmental Disabilities*
Diagnosis
Esotropia
Exotropia
Follow-Up Studies
Humans
Refractive Errors
Retrospective Studies
Strabismus
Visual Acuity

Reference

References

1. Ozturk AT, Berk AT, Yaman A.Ocular disorders in children with spastic subtype of cerebral palsy. Int J Ophthalmol. 2013; 6:204–10.

2. Erkkilä H, Lindberg L, Kallio AK.Strabismus in children with cer-ebral palsy. Acta Ophthalmol Scand. 1996; 74:636–8.

3. Black P.Visual disorders associated with cerebral palsy. Br J Ophthalmol. 1982; 66:46–52.

4. Harcourt B.Strabismus affecting children with multiple handicaps. Br J Ophthalmol. 1974; 58:272–80.

5. Can CÜ, Polat S, Yaş ar M. . Ocular alignment and results of strabismus surgery in neurologically impaired children. Int J Ophthalmol. 2012; 5:113–5.

6. Fazzi E, Signorini SG, LA Piana R. . Neuro-ophthalmological disorders in cerebral palsy: ophthalmological, oculomotor, and vis-ual aspects. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2012; 54:730–6.

7. Dutton GN, McKillop EC, Saidkasimova S.Visual problems as a result of brain damage in children. Br J Ophthalmol. 2006; 90:932–3.

8. Buckley E, Seaber JH.Unique ocular findings in cerebral palsy pa-tients with strabismus. Am Orthopt J. 1981; 31:53–9.

9. Hiles DA.Results of strabismus therapy in cerebral palsied children. Am Orthopt J. 1975; 25:46–55.

10. Smith VA.Strabismus in cerebral palsy. Br Orthopt J. 1965; 22:84–94.

11. Pickering JD, Simon JW, Lininger LL. . Exaggerated effect of bilateral medial rectus recession in developmentally delayed children. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 1994; 31:374–7.

12. Buckley E, Seaber JH.Dyskinetic strabismus as a sign of cerebral palsy. Am J Ophthalmol. 1981; 91:652–7.

13. Pickering JD, Simon JW, Ratliff CD. . Alignment success following medical rectus recessions in normal and delayed children. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 1995; 32:225–7.

14. Zhao J, Pan X, Sui R. . Refractive Error Study in Children: re-sults from Shunyi District, China. Am J Ophthalmol. 2000; 129:427–35.

15. Kawuma M, Mayeku R.A survey of the prevalence of refractive errors among children in lower primary schools in Kampala district. Afr Health Sci. 2002; 2:69–72.

16. Jobke S, Kasten E, Vorwerk C.The prevalence rates of refractive errors among children, adolescents, and adults in Germany. Clin Ophthalmol. 2008; 2:601–7.

17. Kozeis N, Anogeianaki A, Mitova DT. . Visual function and visual perception in cerebral palsied children. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2007; 27:44–53.

18. Ozturk AT, Berk AT, Yaman A.Ocular disorders in children with spastic subtype of cerebral palsy. Int J Ophthalmol. 2013; 6:204–10.