A study on the stability of 5 different surface treatment methods to dental implant using resonance frequency and histomorphometric analysis

Kim, Sun Jong; Shin, Sang Wan; Jung, Sung Min; Ryu, Jae Jun

Abstract

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of various surface treatments by measuring resonance frequency and istomorphometric analyses. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 5 adult dogs, the mandibular premolar were extracted. Six months later, 30 screw titanium implants (Dentium Co., Seoul, Korea) 6mm in length and 3.4mm in diameter, were placed in the mandibles of 5 dogs. Implants were divided into five groups following to surface treatment methods ; Group 1 is machined controls, Group 2 is sandblasted with large grit and acid-etched (SLA), Group 3 is anodized (Autoelectric Co., Korea,660Hz, Duty10), Group 4 is hydroxyapatite(HA) coated by ion beam assisted deposition(E-beam), Group 5 is hydroxyapatite(HA) coated with Sol-gel coating process. Resonance frequency was measured implant placement immediately, and 3, 6 weeks and 10 weeks of healing perods. With the animal subject's sacrifice 10 weeks after implantation, implants were removed en bloc and histologic and computer-based histomorphometric analyses were performed. Histomorphometric analysis involved quantification of the entire bone to metal contact around the implants. Statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS for Windows(ver. 9.0 SPSS Inc.). Statistical differences were considered significant at p<0.05. RESULTS: The results were as follows : 1) In five groups, mean value of resonance frequency analysis(RFA) were highest in group 5(Sol-gel implant) at implantation and those of group 4 (E-beam)was highest at 10 weeks. but there was no correlation between surface treatments and RFA. 2) In all surface treatment groups, the RFA values of implants decreased until 3 weeks and increased to 10 weeks. 3) The percentage of direct bone-to-implant contact (BIC) had statistical significance between five groups in cancellous bone,(p<0.05) the percentage of bone density inside the thread had no statistical significance between five groups.(p>0.05) 4) There was a significant difference between cortical bone and cancellous bone in BIC. (p<0.05) and bone density.(p<0.05) 5) There was a correlation between the RFA value of implants at 10 weeks and BIC in cancellous bone, and between the RFA value of implants at 10 weeks and bone density in cortical bone.(p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that surface treatment does not affect the implant stability in case of good bone quality.