J Korean Neurosurg Soc.  2015 Mar;57(3):152-158. 10.3340/jkns.2015.57.3.152.

Fully Implantable Deep Brain Stimulation System with Wireless Power Transmission for Long-term Use in Rodent Models of Parkinson's Disease

• Heo MS
• Moon HS
• Kim HC
• Park HW
• Lim YH
• Paek SH

• KMID: 2191214
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.3340/jkns.2015.57.3.152

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study to develop new deep-brain stimulation system for long-term use in animals, in order to develop a variety of neural prostheses.
METHODS
Our system has two distinguished features, which are the fully implanted system having wearable wireless power transfer and ability to change the parameter of stimulus parameter. It is useful for obtaining a variety of data from a long-term experiment.
RESULTS
To validate our system, we performed pre-clinical test in Parkinson's disease-rat models for 4 weeks. Through the in vivo test, we observed the possibility of not only long-term implantation and stability, but also free movement of animals. We confirmed that the electrical stimulation neither caused any side effect nor damaged the electrodes.
CONCLUSION
We proved possibility of our system to conduct the long-term pre-clinical test in variety of parameter, which is available for development of neural prostheses.

Keyword

Implantable system; Deep-brain stimulation; Wearable wireless power transfer

MeSH Terms

Animals
Deep Brain Stimulation*
Electric Stimulation
Electrodes
Neural Prostheses
Parkinson Disease*
Rodentia*

Figure

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  Fig. 1 INT-device: implantable stimulator (A), electrode (B and C); EXT-device : wireless power transfer system (D), IR remote controller (E). EXT : external, INT : internal, IR : infrared.

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  Fig. 2 Implantable deep-brain stimulation system with wireless power transfer. A : Device worn on the back of a rat and electrodes placed in its brain. B : Detailed structure of the entire device. EXT : external, INT : internal.

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  Fig. 3 A : Block diagram for asymmetric biphasic pulse stimulation. B : Formation of biphasic balanced stimulus waveform between cathode and anode channel. PWM : pulse-width modulation, SW : switch, LPF : low pass filter.

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  Fig. 4 Block diagram for wearable wireless power transfer system.

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  Fig. 5 Implantation procedure. A : Wireless power transmission device. B : Implantable device. C : Microelectrode recording to find STN region. D : Fix the electrode by medical grade epoxy after implantation. E : Implant the device widthwise at lower dorsal area. F : The vast to fix the external device. G : Complete setting including the external device. H and I : Confirmation of the operation of the device.

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  Fig. 6 The output waveform performance test in saline solution after encapsulation. Stimulation pulse (amplitude : 1.0 V, pulse : 60 µs, frequency : 130 Hz) (A); Cathode pulse (B); Anode pulse (C).

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  Fig. 7 Activity and status after the implantation. A and B : Checking activity. C : Device turned ON. D : Device turned OFF.

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  Fig. 8 Results of the rotation test for each model. Rotation data were assumed to be non-normal distributed data, and they were compared using the Wilcoxon rank sum test. *p<0.5, †p<0.001. DBS : deep-brain stimulation, W/O : without.

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  Fig. 9 Section of the region of electrode insertion (A); 100× (B); 200× (C).

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  Fig. 10 Checking the status of encapsulation after 4 weeks.

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