J Korean Fract Soc.  2008 Apr;21(2):180-185. 10.12671/jkfs.2008.21.2.180.

Factors and Surgical Pitfalls Causing Nonunion

• Shin HD

• KMID: 2183917
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.12671/jkfs.2008.21.2.180

Abstract

No abstract available.

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 Nonunion in the femur shaft is occurred after conservative management.

• 

  Fig. 2 Infected nonunion is observed in the femoral shaft after surgery.

Reference

1. Adams CI, Keating JF, Court-Brown CM. Cigarette smoking and open tibial fractures. Injury. 2001; 9:61–65.

2. Blount W. Fractures in children. 1st ed. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins;1944.

3. Blount W. Fractures in children. 1st ed. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins;1955.

4. Boyd H. Observations on non-union of the shafts of long bones, with a statistical analysis of 842 patients. J Bone Joint Surgery. 1961; 3:159.

5. Buckater JA, Park R, Illinosi . None structure and function. Am Acad Orthop Surg. 1987; 27.

6. Buckwater J, Cruess RL. Healing of musculoskeletal tissues. In : Green DP, editor. Fractures. Rockwood Calif: Lippincott;1991. p. 81.

7. Day SM, DeHeer DH. Reversal of the detrimental effects of chronic protein malnutrition on long bone fracture healing. J Orthop Trauma. 2001; 15:47–53.

8. Doepfner W. Consequences of calcium and/or phosphorus deficient diets on various parameters of callus formation and on growth rate in young rats. Br J Pharmacol. 1970; 39:188P–189P.

9. Einhorn TA. Cox-2: where are we in 2003? - The role of cyclooxygenase-2 in bone repair. Arthritis Res Ther. 2003; 5:5–7.

10. Einhorn TA, Bonnarens F, Burstein AH. The contributions of dietary protein and mineral to the gealing of experimental fractures. A biomechanical study. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1986; 68:1389–1395.

11. Green N, French S, Rodriquez G, Hays M, Fingerhut A. Radiation-induced delayed union of fractures. Radiology. 1969; 93:635–641.

12. Heppenstall RB. Fracture treatment and healing. Philadelphia: Saunders;1980. p. 35–64.

13. Koskinen EV, Ryoppy SA, Lindholm TS. Bone formation by induction under the influence of growth hormone and cortisone. Isr J Med Sci. 1971; 7:378–380.

14. Krakauer JC, Mckenna MJ, Buderer NF, Rao DS, Whitehouse FW, Parfitt AM. Bone loss and bone turnover in diabetes. Diabetes. 1995; 44:775–782.

15. Lu H, Kraut D, Gerstenfeld LC, Graves DT. Diavetes interferes with the bone formation by affecting the expression of transcription factors that regulate osteoblast differentiation. Endocrinology. 2003; 144:346–352.

16. Marsh D. Concepts of fracture union, delayed union, and nonunion. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1998; 355:Suppl. S22–S30.

17. Muñoz-Torres M, Jódar E, Escobar-Jiménez F, López-Ibarra PJ, Luna JD. Bone mineral density measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry in Spanish patients with insulin-dependent diabetes melitus. Calcif Tissue Int. 1996; 58:316–319.

18. Nichols JT, Toto PD, Choukas NC. The proliferative capacity and DNA synthesis of osteoblasts during fracture repair in normal and hypophysectomized rats. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1968; 25:418–426.

19. Perren SM, Huggler A, Russenberger M, et al. The reaction of cortical bone to compression. Acta Orthop Scand Suppl. 1969; 125:19–29.

20. Porter SE, Hanley EN Jr. The musculoskeletal effects of smoking. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2001; 9:9–17.

21. Radriguez-Merchan EC, Gomez-castresana F. Internal fixation of nonunions. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2004; 419:13–20.

22. Rosacker JA, Kopta JA. Both bone fractures of the foream: a review of surgical variables associated with union. Orthopedics. 1981; 4:1353–1356.

23. Rothman RH, Klemek JS, Toton JJ. The effect of iron deficiency anemia on fracture healing. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1971; 77:276–283.

24. Stoffel K, Dieter U, Stachowiak G, Gächter A, Kuter MS. Biomechanical testing if the LCP-how can stability in locked internal fixators be controlled? Injury. 2003; 34:Suppl 2. B11–B19.

25. Wallace AL, Draper ER, Strachan RK, McCarthy ID, Hughes SP. The effect of devascularisation upon early bone healing in dynamic external fixation. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1991; 73:819–825.