J Korean Acad Conserv Dent.  2004 Nov;29(6):520-531. 10.5395/JKACD.2004.29.6.520.

Rheological properties of resin composites according to the change of monomer and filler compositions

• Lee IB
• Lee JH
• Cho BH
• Son HH
• Lee ST
• Um CM

• KMID: 2175653
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2004.29.6.520

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of monomer and filler compositions on the rheological properties related to the handling characteristics of resin composites.
METHODS
Resin matrices that Bis-GMA as base monomer was blended with TEGDMA as diluent at various ratio were mixed with the Barium glass (0.7 um and 1.0 um), 0.04 um fumed silica and 0.5 um round silica. All used fillers were silane treated. In order to vary the viscosity of experimental composites, the type and content of incorporated fillers were changed. Using a rheometer, a steady shear test and a dynamic oscillatory shear test were used to evaluate the viscosity (eta) of resin matrix, and the storage shear modulus (G'), the loss shear modulus (G"), the loss tangent (tandelta) and the complex viscosity (eta*) of the composites as a function of frequency omega = 0.1-100 rad/s. To investigate the effect of temperature on the viscosity of composites, a temperature sweep test was also undertaken.
RESULTS
Resin matrices were Newtonian fluid regardless of diluent concentration and all experimental composites exhibited pseudoplastic behavior with increasing shear rate. The viscosity of composites was exponentially increased with increasing filler volume%. In the same filler volume, the smaller the fillers were used, the higher the viscosities were. The effect of filler size on the viscosity was increased with increasing filler content. Increasing filler content reduced tandelta by increasing the G' further than the G". The viscosity of composites was decreased exponentially with increasing temperature.

Keyword

Rheology; Resin composites; Storage shear modulus; Loss shear modulus; Complex viscosity

MeSH Terms

Barium
Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate
Glass
Rheology
Silicon Dioxide
Viscosity
Barium
Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate
Silicon Dioxide

Figure

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  Figure 1. Relationship between shear storage modulus (G′), shear loss modulus (G″), complex shear modulus (G*) and loss tangent (tanδ) in a complex plane.

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  Figure 2-a. Viscosity of monomer blends of varying diluent’s concentration as a function of shear rates at 25℃.

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  Figure 2-b. Steady shear viscosity, η, and dynamic complex viscosity, η*, of Bis-GMA only and Bis-GMA 6 : TEGDMA 4 blend at 25℃ and 35℃.

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  Figure 2-c. Viscosity as a function of diluent fraction at temperature 25℃ and 35℃.

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  Figure 3-a. Complex viscosity of experimental composites of varying filler contents (weight%) as a function of frequency.

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  Figure 3-b. The effect of filler size and filler volume% on the complex viscosity of experimental composites at ω= 10 rad/s.

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  Figure 3-c. Exponential regression curve, y = aebx, can be fitted on the complex viscosity of experimental composite with 0.5 um Silica as a function of filler volume fraction.

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  Figure 4-a. The change of storage modulus G′and loss modulus G″with increasing filler content in 0.7um Ba glass.

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  Figure 4-b. Loss tangent (Tanδ) of experimental composites as a function of filler volume %.

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  Figure 5. Complex viscosity of experimental composites is exponentially decreased with increasing temperature.

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  Figure 6. Complex viscosity of experimental and commercial composites as a function of frequency.

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  Figure 7-a. Phasor representations of complex modulus G* and phase angle, δ, G*eiδ= G*∠δ, of experimental and commercial composites at ω= 10 rad/s in a polar coordinate system.

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  Figure 7-b. Locus of frequency domain phasor plots, G*(ω )eiδ=G*(ω )∠δ, of composites at ω= 0.1 - 100 rad/s in a complex plane.

Reference

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