Investig Magn Reson Imaging.  2015 Mar;19(1):19-30. 10.13104/imri.2015.19.1.19.

Fast Cardiac CINE MRI by Iterative Truncation of Small Transformed Coefficients

• Park J
• Hong HJ
• Yang YJ
• Ahn CB

• KMID: 2175573
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.13104/imri.2015.19.1.19

Abstract

PURPOSE
A new compressed sensing technique by iterative truncation of small transformed coefficients (ITSC) is proposed for fast cardiac CINE MRI.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The proposed reconstruction is composed of two processes: truncation of the small transformed coefficients in the r-f domain, and restoration of the measured data in the k-t domain. The two processes are sequentially applied iteratively until the reconstructed images converge, with the assumption that the cardiac CINE images are inherently sparse in the r-f domain. A novel sampling strategy to reduce the normalized mean square error of the reconstructed images is proposed.
RESULTS
The technique shows the least normalized mean square error among the four methods under comparison (zero filling, view sharing, k-t FOCUSS, and ITSC). Application of ITSC for multi-slice cardiac CINE imaging was tested with the number of slices of 2 to 8 in a single breath-hold, to demonstrate the clinical usefulness of the technique.
CONCLUSIONS
Reconstructed images with the compression factors of 3-4 appear very close to the images without compression. Furthermore the proposed algorithm is computationally efficient and is stable without using matrix inversion during the reconstruction.

Keyword

Iterative truncation of small transformed coefficients; Compressed sensing; Cardiac CINE MRI; Reconstruction from under-sampled data

MeSH Terms

Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine*

Figure

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  Fig. 1 Test data sets for cardiac CINE MRI for evaluation of the compressed sensing technique with other imaging methods.

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  Fig. 2 Three sampling strategies and corresponding sampling locations are exemplary shown for CF of 8: (a) uniform sampling, (b) Gaussian sampling, and (c) modified Gaussian sampling. The acquired locations are shown with white line segments at left, where the horizontal axis denotes the cardiac frame (1~16), and the vertical axis denotes the phase encoding gradient (-128~127). The corresponding histogram functions are shown at right, where the horizontal axis denotes the number of acquisitions over a period of the cardiac cycle, and the c vertical axis denotes the phase encoding gradient.

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  Fig. 3 NMSE of the reconstructed images by ITSC as a function of the number of iterations.

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  Fig. 4 Reconstructed images at a systolic phase, from the test data set A with CF of 2, 4, and 8 are shown for (a) zero filling, (b) view sharing, (c) k-t FOCUSS, and (d) ITSC. The conventionally reconstructed image with full data is shown at top. Error images are also shown for better visualization.

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  Fig. 5 Reconstructed images at a diastolic phase are shown for (a) zero filling, (b) view sharing, (c) k-t FOCUSS, and (d) ITSC with error images.

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  Fig. 6 The temporal profiles of the reconstructed images are shown right, for the test set A with CF of 4 (top) and for the test set B with CF of 8 (bottom). The horizontal axis is time, and the vertical axis is the broken line shown in the reconstructed images left corresponding to the phase encoding gradient direction for (a) reference with full data, (b) zero filling, (c) view sharing, (d) k-t FOCUSS, and (e) ITSC.

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  Fig. 7 In-vivo applications of ITSC for multi-slice cardiac CINE MRI. The reconstructed images are shown for (a) without compression, and with CF of (b) 2, (c) 3, (d) 4, and (e) 8. Note the number of slices obtained in single breath-hold is identical to the compression factor.

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