Korean J Biol Psychiatry.  2016 May;23(2):37-40. 10.0000/kjbp.2016.23.2.37.

Paradigm Shift in the Study of Treatment Resistant Depression

• Kim YK

• KMID: 2165125
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.0000/kjbp.2016.23.2.37

Abstract

Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) is a major public health problem. It is estimated that about 30% of patients with major depressive disorder do not show substantial clinical improvement to somatic or psychosocial treatment. Most of studies for TRD have focused on the subjects already known as TRD. Patients with unipolar depressive episodes that do not respond satisfactorily to numerous sequential treatment regimens were included in the TRD studies. Such post hoc experimental design can be regarded only as consequences of having TRD, rather than as causal risk factors for it. Although informative, data derived from such studies often do not allow a distinction to be made between cause and effect. So, we should shift paradigm toward examining the risk for developing TRD in untreated depressed patients. To deal with this problem, untreated depressed patients should be enrolled in the study to identify biological markers for treatment resistance. The peripheral or central biological markers should be explored before starting treatment. Subsequent systematic administration of treatments with appropriate monitoring in the subjects can determine the risk for developing treatment resistance in untreated individuals. Such information could give a cue to improve the initial diagnosis and provide more effective treatment for TRD.

Keyword

Depression; Biomarker; Treatment resistance; Post hoc; Brain imaging; Cytokine

MeSH Terms

Biomarkers
Cues
Depression
Depressive Disorder, Major
Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant*
Diagnosis
Humans
Neuroimaging
Public Health
Research Design
Risk Factors
Biomarkers