Diabetes Metab J.  2016 Apr;40(2):161-166. 10.4093/dmj.2016.40.2.161.

The Effect of Glycemic Status on Kidney Stone Disease in Patients with Prediabetes

• Lien TH
• Wu JS
• Yang YC
• Sun ZJ
• Chang CJ

• KMID: 2162088
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2016.40.2.161

Abstract

BACKGROUND
While the evidence supporting a positive association between diabetes mellitus and kidney stone disease (KSD) is solid, studies examining the association between impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and KSD show inconsistent results. Currently, there are no studies examining the relationship between impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and KSD. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of different glycemic statuses on KSD. The results may help to motivate patients with diabetes to conform to treatment regimens.
METHODS
We conducted a cross sectional study of a population that underwent health check-ups between January 2000 and August 2009 at the Health Evaluation Center of National Cheng Kung University Hospital. A total of 14,186 subjects were enrolled. The following categories of glycemic status were used according to the criteria of the 2009 American Diabetes Association: normal glucose tolerance, isolated IGT, isolated IFG, combined IFG/IGT, and diabetes. The existence of KSD was evaluated using renal ultrasonography, and the presence of any hyperechoic structures causing acoustic shadowing was considered to be indicative of KSD.
RESULTS
The prevalence of KSD was 7.4% (712/9,621), 9.3% (163/1,755), 10.8% (78/719), 12.0% (66/548), and 11.3% (174/1,543) in subjects with NGT, isolated IGT, isolated IFG, combined IFG/IGT, and diabetes, respectively. Isolated IFG, combined IFG/IGT, and diabetes were associated with KSD after adjusting for other clinical variables, but isolated IGT was not. Age (41 to 64 years vs. ≤40 years, ≥65 years vs. ≤40 years), male gender, hypertension, and hyperuricemia were also independently associated with KSD.
CONCLUSION
Isolated IFG, combined IFG/IGT, and diabetes, but not isolated IGT, were associated with a higher risk of KSD.

Keyword

Diabetes mellitus; Glucose intolerance; Kidney calculi

MeSH Terms

Acoustics
Diabetes Mellitus
Fasting
Glucose
Glucose Intolerance
Humans
Hypertension
Hyperuricemia
Kidney Calculi*
Kidney*
Male
Prediabetic State*
Prevalence
Shadowing (Histology)
Ultrasonography
Glucose

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 Prevalence of kidney stone disease (KSD) with different glycemic statuses. Significant differences were observed between the normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and diabetes mellitus (DM) groups (P<0.001), between the NGT and combined impaired glucose tolerance (IGT)/impaired fasting glucose (IFG) groups (P=0.001), and between the NGT and DM groups (P=0.013).

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