J Korean Diabetes.  2015 Sep;16(3):198-204. 10.4093/jkd.2015.16.3.198.

Nursing Management in Diabetes during Pregnancy

Affiliations
  • 1Department of Nursing, Cheil General Hospital and Women's Healthcare Center, Dankook University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. parkje33@daum.net

Abstract

The ongoing epidemics of obesity and diabetes have led to higher incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus and pregestational diabetes. GDM is diabetes diagnosed in the second or third trimester of pregnancy that is not clearly overt diabetes. Therefore, women in whom diabetes is detected in the first trimester would be classified as having type 2 diabetes. Women with GDM should be screened for persistent diabetes or prediabetes at 6~12 weeks postpartum. All women of childbearing age with diabetes should be counseled about the importance of strict glycemic control prior to conception. During pregnancy, treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers is contraindicated because their ability to cause fetal damage. Women with diabetes of any kind should be supported in attempts to breastfeed, as it is related to long-term metabolic benefit to both mother and child.

Keyword

Diabetes mellitus; Nursing care; Pregnancy

MeSH Terms

Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors
Child
Diabetes Mellitus
Diabetes, Gestational
Female
Fertilization
Humans
Incidence
Mothers
Nursing Care
Nursing*
Obesity
Postpartum Period
Prediabetic State
Pregnancy Trimester, First
Pregnancy Trimester, Third
Pregnancy*
Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors

Reference

References

1. American Diabetes Association. Management of diabetes in pregnancy. Diabetes Care. 2015; 38(Suppl 1):S77–9.
2. Korean Diabetes Association. Diabetes fact sheet in Korea 2013. Seoul: Korea Diabetes Association, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention;2012.
3. Lawrence JM, Contreras R, Chen W, Sacks DA. Trends in the prevalence of preexisting diabetes and gestational diabetes mellitus among a racially/ethnically diverse population of pregnant women, 1999–2005. Diabetes Care. 2008; 31:899–904.
Article
4. American Diabetes Association. Classification and diagnosis of diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2015; 38(Suppl 1):S8–16.
5. Metzger BE, Buchanan TA, Coustan DR, de Leiva A, Dunger DB, Hadden DR, Hod M, Kitzmiller JL, Kjos SL, Oats JN, Pettitt DJ, Sacks DA, Zoupas C. Summary and recommendations of the Fifth International Workshop-Conference on Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Care. 2007; 30(Suppl 2):S251–60.
Article
6. Institute of Medicine. Weight gain during pregnancy: reexamining the guidelines. Washington DC: National Academies Press;2009.
7. Stuebe AM, Rich-Edwards JW, Willett WC, Manson JE, Michels KB. Duration of lactation and incidence of type 2 diabetes. JAMA. 2005; 294:2601–10.
Article
8. Pereira PF, Alfenas Rde C, Araújo RM. Does breastfeeding influence the risk of developing diabetes mellitus in children? A review of current evidence. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2014; 90:7–15.
Article
9. Kitzmiller JL, Block JM, Brown FM, Catalano PM, Conway DL, Coustan DR, Gunderson EP, Herman WH, Hoffman LD, Inturrisi M, Jovanovic LB, Kjos SI, Knopp RH, Montoro MN, Ogata ES, Paramsothy P, Reader DM, Rosenn BM, Thomas AM, Kirkman MS. Managing preexisting diabetes for pregnancy: summary of evidence and consensus recommendations for care. Diabetes Care. 2008; 31:1060–79.
10. Clausen TD, Mathiesen E, Ekbom P, Hellmuth E, Mandrup-Poulsen T, Damm P. Poor pregnancy outcome in women with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2005; 28:323–8.
Article
11. Cundy T, Gamble G, Neale L, Elder R, McPherson P, Henley P, Rowan J. Differing causes of pregnancy loss in type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2007; 30:2603–7.
Article
Full Text Links
  • JKD
Actions
Cited
CITED
export Copy
Close
Share
  • Twitter
  • Facebook
Similar articles
Copyright © 2024 by Korean Association of Medical Journal Editors. All rights reserved.     E-mail: koreamed@kamje.or.kr