Effect of Calcium Sulfate on Early Bony Consolidation in Distraction Osteogenesis

Kim, Il Hwan; Shin, Dong Pill; Park, Jae Woo; Cho, Byung Chae; Kim, In San; Baik, Bong Soo

Abstract

The purpose of this project was to study the effect of calcium sulfate on early bony consolidation in distraction osteogenesis in the dog model. Eight canine dogs were used for this study. The lateral surface of the mandibular body was exposed in the subperiosteal plane and the vertical osteotomy on the mandibular body was carried out. An external distraction device was applied to the mandibular body. Mandibular distraction was started 5 days after the osteotomy at a rate of 1mm per day for a total of 10mm distraction in the control group 1 and in the calcium sulfate group 1, and at a rate 2mm per day for a total of 10mm distraction in the control group 2 and in the calcium sulfate group 2. After completion of distraction, the gel type calcium sulfate was implanted into the distracted zone in the calcium sulfate groups. External distraction device was left in place for 6 weeks to allow for bony consolidation. Serial radiographs were carried out every week. One dog of each group, a total of four dogs, were sacrificed at the time of 3 weeks and another four dogs at 6 weeks after distraction. Address Correspondence : Byung Chae Cho, M.D., Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, College of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 50, Samduk-Dong 2Ga, Chung-Gu, Taegu 700-421, Korea, Tel: 053) 420-5681/Fax: 053)425-3879/E-mail: bccho@knu.ac.kr New bone was generated in the distracted zone in the control group 1 and in the calcium sulfate groups. However, new bone was not developed in the control group 2. In the calcium sulfate group 1, osteogenesis was seen and abundant active osteoblasts formed woven bone in the edges and center of the distracted zone by 3 weeks after calcium sulfate implantation. By 6 weeks after calcium sulfate implantation, much active woven bone had been formed in most of the area of the distracted zone with a narrow fibrous interzone. In the calcium sulfate group 2, new bone formation was developed in one half of the distracted zone at 6 weeks after implantation. New bone formation was lesser than the calcim sulfate group 2 at 6 weeks after implantation. In conclusion, calcium sulfate is effective for easily bony consolidation in distraction osteogenesis.