Early Neonatal Respiratory Morbidities in Term Neonates

Kim, Hyun A; Yang, Go Eun; Kim, Myo Jing

Abstract

PURPOSE
This study aimed to investigate the respiratory morbidities in term neonates, as well as their relationship with mode of delivery and gestational age.
METHODS
Medical records of term infants with respiratory symptoms, who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of Dong-A University Hospital from Jan 2008 to Dec 2013, were retrospectively reviewed. Term neonates with respiratory diseases, such as transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN), respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), neonatal pneumonia, meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS), pneumothorax, and persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN), were included. The respiratory morbidities were investigated according to the gestational age (<39 weeks vs. > or =39 weeks) and/or mode of delivery (with labor vs. without labor).
RESULTS
A total of 260 term neonates were enrolled in the study. The average gestational age was 38(+6)+/-1.3 weeks, while the birth weight was 3,233.7+/-462.0 g. The most common respiratory disease encountered in term neonates was TTN (n=98, 37.7%), followed by MAS (n=76, 29.2%), spontaneous pneumothorax (n=27, 10.4%), PPHN (n=24, 9.2%), neonatal pneumonia (n=19, 7.3%), and RDS (n=16, 6.2%). Incidence of TTN and RDS was higher in neonates aged <39 weeks than in those aged > or =39 weeks. Higher incidence of spontaneous pneumothorax and RDS was observed in neonates delivered before the onset of labor. The incidences of TTN, spontaneous pneumothorax, and RDS were higher in the elective cesarean section group before 39 weeks of gestation.
CONCLUSION
Respiratory morbidities in term neonates are affected by the gestational age (<39 weeks vs. > or =39 weeks) and/or mode of delivery (with labor vs. without labor).