J Periodontal Implant Sci.  2014 Jun;44(3):126-133. 10.5051/jpis.2014.44.3.126.

Evaluation of interleukin-1beta and 8 in gutka chewers with periodontitis among a rural Indian population

• Jacob PS
• Nath S
• Patel RP

• KMID: 2012987
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.5051/jpis.2014.44.3.126

Abstract

PURPOSE
Smokeless tobacco-based oral-use products like gutka are popular in India. Gutka usage leads to increased periodontal destruction and inflammation; however, the relevant mechanism remains unknown. This study aimed to elucidate the role of gutka in periodontitis by examining its effect on the levels of interleukin (IL) 1beta and IL-8 from the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF).
METHODS
A total of 45 patients were enrolled in this study. Thirty patients with periodontitis (15 gutka chewers [GCP] and 15 nongutka chewers [NGC]) and 15 periodontally healthy controls (HC) were selected. The full-mouth plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and recession (RC) were recorded. The IL-1beta and IL-8 levels in the GCF of all subjects were assessed through an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Quantikine).
RESULTS
The IL-1beta and IL-8 levels were not significantly higher in the GCP group (IL-1beta, 369.01+/-273.44 microL; IL-8, 205.97+/-196.78 microL) as compared to those in the NGC group (IL-1beta, 195.57+/-96.85 microL; IL-8, 178.61+/-149.35 microL). More gingival RC and loss of attachment was seen among the GCP group (RC: 2.02+/-0.31, P=0.013; CAL: 4.60+/-0.56, P<0.001) than among the NGC group (RC, 1.21+/-1.15; CAL, 3.70+/-0.32); however, PD was deeper among the NGC subjects (P=0.002). PI and GI were significantly higher for the periodontitis group (P<0.001) when compared to the HC, but there was no difference among gutka chewers and non-chewers (P=0.22 and P=0.89). A positive correlation was found between the IL-8 levels and the duration of gutka chewing (r=-0.64, P<0.01).
CONCLUSIONS
Gutka chewing leads to increased gingival RC and clinical loss of attachment. There was no effect seen in the proinflammatory cytokine levels in the GCF of gutka users.

Keyword

Cytokine; Interleukin-1beta; Interleukin-8; Periodontitis; Smokeless tobacco

MeSH Terms

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
Gingival Crevicular Fluid
Humans
India
Inflammation
Interleukin-1beta*
Interleukin-8
Interleukins
Lobeline
Mastication
Periodontal Index
Periodontitis*
Tobacco, Smokeless
Interleukin-1beta
Interleukin-8
Interleukins
Lobeline

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