Report for Development of Korean Portable Cardiopulmonary Bypass Machine

Kim, Hyoung Mook; Kim, Hak Jae; Lee, In Sung; Kim, Kwang Taik; Sun, Kyung; Baek, Man Jong; Kim, Maeng Ho; Kim, Yeon Soo; Lee, Hye Won; Lee, Gyu Baek

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Effective cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) should provide acceptable hemodynamics for the vital organs during cardiac arrest and early restoration of spontaneous circulation that guarantees long-term, neurologically intact survival. CPR using heart-lung bypass has been suggested as an option for that use. This study was designed to determine the effectiveness of standard CPR techniques, closed-vs. open-chest CPR, which could be used in the future study verifying the role of heart-lung bypass CPR. MATERIAL AND METHOD: By using adult mongrel dogs, closed-chest CPR (CCCPR, n=4) and open-chest CPR (OCCPR, n=5) were compared with respects to hemodynamics, restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), and survival. Ventricular fibrillation-cardiac arrest (VF-CA) was induced by electrical shock in all animals. After 4 minutes of cardiac arrest, basic life support (BLS) was applied for 15 minutes and followed by advanced life support (ALS). ALS was maintained until achi ving ROSC but not longer than 30 minutes regardless of the recovery. Resuscitation procedures in either group were standardized by adopting the protocol of American Heart Association. RESULT: Prearrest baseline hemodynamic data was not different between two groups. During resuscitation, substantially higher systolic pressure was maintained in OCCPR group than in CCCPR group (45+/-15 vs. 33+/-11 mmHg during BLS, 83+/-36 vs. 44+/-15 mmHg during ALS; p=NS). Mean pulmonary arterial pressure went up to the level of mean systemic arterial pressures in CCCPR group and to half of that in OCCPR group, and had kept higher in CCCPR group throughout CPR (32+/-10 vs. 22+/-4 mmHg during BLS and 32+/-15 vs. 24+/-10 mmHg during ALS; p=NS). ROSC was obtained in 4 of 5 dogs receiving open-chest CPR and 2 of 4 closed-chest CPR. Prolonged survival was noted in all dogs in OCCPR group (6 to 1440 hours) but not in CCPR group (p<.05).
CONCLUSION
These findings indicate that open-chest CPR can be more effective t maintain hemodynamics during cardiac arrest and to obtain restoration of spontaneous circulation and survival. Further experiment will be designed to compare heart-lung bypass CPR with open-chest CPR.