J Korean Neurosurg Soc.  2015 Apr;57(4):283-288. 10.3340/jkns.2015.57.4.283.

The Effectiveness of Infrared Thermography in Patients with Whiplash Injury

• Lee YS
• Paeng SH
• Farhadi HF
• Lee WH
• Kim ST
• Lee KS

• KMID: 1956427
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.3340/jkns.2015.57.4.283

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
This study aims to visualize the subjective symptoms before and after the treatment of whiplash injury using infrared (IR) thermography.
METHODS
IR thermography was performed for 42 patients who were diagnosed with whiplash injury. There were 19 male and 23 female patients. The mean age was 43.12 years. Thermal differences (DeltaT) in the neck and shoulder and changes in the thermal differences (DeltadT) before and after treatment were analyzed. Pain after injury was evaluated using visual analogue scale (VAS) before and after treatment (DeltaVAS). The correlations between DeltadT and DeltaVAS results before and after the treatment were examined. We used Digital Infrared Thermal Imaging equipment of Dorex company for IR thermography.
RESULTS
The skin temperature of the neck and shoulder immediately after injury showed 1-2degrees C hyperthermia than normal. After two weeks, the skin temperature was normal range. DeltaT after immediately injuy was higher than normal value, but it was gradually near the normal value after two weeks. DeltadT before and after treatment were statistically significant (p<0.05). VAS of the neck and shoulder significantly reduced after 2 week (p=0.001). Also, there was significant correlation between DeltadT and reduced DeltaVAS (the neck; r=0.412, p<0.007) (the shoulder; r=0.648, p<0.000).
CONCLUSION
The skin temperature of sites with whiplash injury is immediately hyperthermia and gradually decreased after two weeks, finally it got close to normal temperature. These were highly correlated with reduced VAS. IR thermography can be a reliable tool to visualize the symptoms of whiplash injury and the effectiveness of treatment in clinical settings.

Keyword

Whiplash injury; Infrared thermography; Visual analogue scale; Thermal difference; Pain

MeSH Terms

Female
Fever
Humans
Male
Neck
Reference Values
Shoulder
Skin Temperature
Thermography*
Whiplash Injuries*

Figure

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  Fig. 1 A 49-year female admitted after in car traffic accident (rear collision), complaining of severe posterior neck pain and shoulder pain, limitation of motion of neck. A : Cervical anteroposterior/lateral X-ray showing straight or kyphotic cervical curvature. B : No abnormality on cervical MRI. C : IR thermography showing 1-2℃ thermal elevation than normal value in areas on the neck (34.26, 34.28℃) and shoulder (32.58, 32.66℃) after cervical whiplash injury (VAS 8) (arrows). D : IR thermography showing significantly normal skin surface temperature (neck : 33.82, 33.89℃, shoulder : 31.53, 31.76℃) after 2 weeks management and symmetric state (VAS 4) (arrows). IR : infrared, VAS : visual analogue scale.

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  Fig. 2 Changes in VAS after whiplash injury. VAS : visual analogue scale.

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  Fig. 3 Correlation analysis between changes in thermal difference and VAS before and after treatment (ΔdT & ΔVAS). VAS : visual analogue scale.

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