J Korean Radiol Soc.  1997 Jul;37(1):167-172.

Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy in Children: CT Findings Related to Prognosis

• Cho JM
• Kim OH
• Kang DK
• Suh JH
• Yim BI

Abstract

PURPOSE
To evaluate prognosis-related CT findings in hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
For the purpose of prognosis, 28 children with a clinical history and CT findings suggestive of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) were restrospectively reviewed. The diagnostic criteria for HIE, as seen on CT scanning, were as follows : 1, ventricular collapse ; 2, effacement of cortical sulci ; 3, prominent enhancement of cortical vessels ; 4, poor differentiation of gray and white matter ; 5, reversal sign ; 6, obliteration of perimesencephalic cistern ; 7, high density on tentorial edge, as seen on precontrast scans ; and 8, low density in thalamus, brain stem and basal ganglia. On the basis of clinical outcome, we divided the patients into three groups, as follows : group I(good prognosis) ; group II(neurologic sequelae), and group III(vegetative state or expire), and among these, compared CT findings.
RESULTS
There were thirteen patients in group I, six in group II, and nine in group III. Ventricular collapse, effacement of cortical sulci, and prominent enhancement of cortical vessels were noted in all groups, whereas poor differentiation of gray and white matter, reversal sign, obliteration of perimesencephalic cistern, high density on tentorial edge, on precontrast scan, and low density in brain stem and basal ganglia were observed only in groups II and III.
CONCLUSION
CT findings showed distinct differences between groups in whom prognosis was good, and in whom it was poor. An awareness of poor prognostic CT findings may be clinically helpful in the evaluation of patients with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy.

Keyword

Brain, CT; Brain, edema; Brain, ischemia; Children, central nervous system

MeSH Terms

Basal Ganglia
Brain Stem
Child*
Humans
Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain*
Prognosis*
Thalamus
Tomography, X-Ray Computed