20 Years Surgical Experiences for Ebstein's Anomaly

Lee, Sak; Park, Han Ki; Lee, Chang Young; Chang, Byung Chul; Park, Young Hwan

Abstract

BACKGROUND: We retrospectively evaluated the clinical results of surgically managing patients with Ebstein's anomaly. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Between Feb. 1984 and June 2006, 50 patients who underwent surgical treatment for Ebstein's anomaly at Yonsei Cardiovascular Center were retrospectively reviewed. The mean age of the patients was 26.9 years and 19 patients were male. Associated anomalies included atrial septal defect (33), patent ductus arteriosus (2), ventricular septal defect (1), and pulmonary stenosis (4), and 90% (45/50) of the patients had more than a moderate degree of tricuspid regurgitation. Carpentier type A was present in 6 patients, type B in 26, type C in 14 and type D in 4. Ten patients were associated with WPW syndrome. Conservative surgery was possible in 31 patients (tricuspid annuloplasty, plication of the atrialized RV), Fontan's operation was performed in 4 patients, tricuspid valve replacement was done in 12 and palliative surgery was done in 2 patients. Thirteen patients were associated with bi-directional cavopulmonary shunt (BCPS: one and a half ventricular repairs); 10 patients with WPW syndrome and 4 patients with atrial fibrillation underwent concomitant ablation. RESULT: The postoperative median NYHA functional class (3-->1) and the mean cardio-thoracic ratio (0.65-->0.59) were decreased significantly (p<0.001, p=0.014). The mean oxygen saturation (86.6-->94.1%), and median TR grade (4-->1) were also significantly improved (p=0.004, p<0.001). For comparison of BCPS and conservative surgery, the preoperative right ventricular pressure (33.0 vs. 41.3 mmHg), the ICU stay (2.86 vs. 1.89 days), the hospital say (10.6 vs. 16.8 days), and the left ventricular ejection fraction (64.3 vs. 72.8%) were statistically different. Postoperative mortality occurred in 3 patients (6%) due to biventricular failure in 2 patients and sepsis in the other patient. The mean follow up duration was 101.5 months, and one patient died of Fontan failure and 6 patients required reoperation (bioprosthetic degenerative change (2) and Fontan conversion (4)). The overall survival rate at 10 years was 90.2%; the freedom from reoperation rate and rate of cardiac related events were 78.9% and 49.2%, respectively.
CONCLUSION
Surgical management of Ebstein's anomaly can be performed safely, and the associated BCPS may be helpful for high-risk patients. Adequate application of surgical management may increase the long-term survival with a reduced rate of reoperation.