J Prev Med Public Health.  2014 Mar;47(2):94-103.

Association Between Socioeconomic Status and Obesity in Adults: Evidence From the 2001 to 2009 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

• Kim J
• Sharma SV
• Park SK

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The present study examined relationships between socioeconomic status (SES) and obesity and body mass index (BMI) as well as the effects of health-related behavioral and psychological factors on the relationships.
METHODS
A cross-sectional population-based study was conducted on Korean adults aged 20 to 79 years using data from the 2001, 2005, and 2007 to 2009 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Multivariate logistic and linear regression models were used to estimate odds ratios of obesity and mean differences in BMI, respectively, across SES levels after controlling for health-related behavioral and psychological factors.
RESULTS
We observed significant gender-specific relationships of SES with obesity and BMI after adjusting for all covariates. In men, income, but not education, showed a slightly positive association with BMI (p<0.05 in 2001 and 2005). In women, education, but not income, was inversely associated with both obesity and BMI (p<0.0001 in all datasets). These relationships were attenuated with adjusting for health-related behavioral factors, not for psychological factors.
CONCLUSIONS
Results confirmed gender-specific disparities in the associations of SES with obesity and BMI among adult Korean population. Focusing on intervention for health-related behaviors may be effective to reduce social inequalities in obesity.

Keyword

Socioeconomic status; Obesity; Body mass index; Sex; Behavioral factors; Psychological factors

MeSH Terms

Adult
Aged
Body Mass Index
Cross-Sectional Studies
Demography
Female
Health Behavior
Humans
Income
Linear Models
Male
Marital Status
Middle Aged
*Nutrition Surveys
Obesity/*epidemiology/psychology
Odds Ratio
Republic of Korea
Sex Factors
*Social Class