J Korean Med Sci.  2011 Jun;26(6):701-710. 10.3346/jkms.2011.26.6.701.

The Genetic Basis of Panic Disorder

• Na HR
• Kang EH
• Lee JH
• Yu BH

• KMID: 1785953
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2011.26.6.701

Abstract

Panic disorder is one of the chronic and disabling anxiety disorders. There has been evidence for either genetic heterogeneity or complex inheritance, with environmental factor interactions and multiple single genes, in panic disorder's etiology. Linkage studies have implicated several chromosomal regions, but no research has replicated evidence for major genes involved in panic disorder. Researchers have suggested several neurotransmitter systems are related to panic disorder. However, to date no candidate gene association studies have established specific loci. Recently, researchers have emphasized genome-wide association studies. Results of two genome-wide association studies on panic disorder failed to show significant associations. Evidence exists for differences regarding gender and ethnicity in panic disorder. Increasing evidence suggests genes underlying panic disorder overlap, transcending current diagnostic boundaries. In addition, an anxious temperament and anxiety-related personality traits may represent intermediate phenotypes that predispose to panic disorder. Future research should focus on broad phenotypes, defined by comorbidity or intermediate phenotypes. Genome-wide association studies in large samples, studies of gene-gene and gene-environment interactions, and pharmacogenetic studies are needed.

Keyword

Panic Disorder; Genetics; Genome-Wide Association Study; Polymorphism

MeSH Terms

Catechol O-Methyltransferase/genetics
Cholecystokinin/genetics
Genetic Loci
*Genome-Wide Association Study
Humans
Monoamine Oxidase/genetics
Panic Disorder/*genetics

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 Brain systems that may be ralated to panic disorder. COMT, catechol-O-methyltransferase; 5-HT, 5-hydroxytryptamine; MAO, Monoamine oxidase; CCK, Cholecystokinin; GABA, γ-aminobutyric acid; NPY, neuropeptide Y.

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